Table 2.
Raw materials and methods used to derive synthetic wollastonite with its main application.
| Raw materials/precursors | Process | Synthesis temperature (°C) | Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eggshells and commercial silica | Microwave | 1100 | - | [93] |
| Eggshells and rice husk ash | Sol-gel | 850 | Biomedical | [113] |
| Solid-state reaction | 1000 | Biomedical | [120] | |
| Rice straw ash and calcium nitrate | Sol-gel | - | Biomedical | [121] |
| Silica sand and limestone | Solid-state reaction | 1400 | Biomedical | [3, 122] |
| Stone wastes and silica fumes | Solid-state reaction | 1100 | - | [123] |
| Rice husk ash and cement kiln dust | Solid-state reaction | 1100 | Ceramic | [124] |
| Zirconium oxychloride slag and CaO | Sol-gel | 1000 | Environmental | [125] |
| Rice husk ash and limestone | Microwave | 950 | Biomedical | [126] |
| Sintering | 1050 | Ceramic | [127] | |
| Eggshell and waste glass | Solid-state reaction | 900 | Ceramic | [128] |
| Calcium nitrate and sodium silicate | Coprecipitation | 1200 | Biomedical | [129] |
| Waste fluorescent glass and CaCO3 | Sintering | 1300 | Environmental | [130] |
| Waste soda-lime-silica glasses | Sintering | 1000 | Ceramic | [119] |
| CaCO3 and sodium metasilicate-pentahydrate | Coprecipitation | 1100 | Biomedical | [131] |
| Bentonite clay | Sintering | 850 | Biomedical | [132] |
| Calcium nitrate and fumed silica | Solution combustion | 950 | Biomedical | [133] |
| Calcium nitrate and tetraethoxysilane | Sol-gel method | - | Biomedical | [134] |
| Ca(NO3)2 solutions and Na2SiO3 solution | Hydrothermal microemulsion | 800 | Biomedical | [46] |
| Limestone and SiO2 smoke | Solid-state reaction | - | Materials | [135] |
| Calcium chloride and sodium disilicate | - | 1200 | - | [136] |
| Silica and calcium carbonate | Hydrothermal | 1000 | - | [94] |
| NaSiO3 9H2O and Ca(OH)2 | Hydrothermal | 800 | - | [137] |
| Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and colloidal silica | Combustion | 600 | [138] |