Table 1.
Description of survey sample and control variables (N = 18,521).
| Variables | Item | Frequency | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Males | 7943 | 42.9% |
| Females | 10,578 | 57.1% | |
| Education | Elementary school or below | 1085 | 5.9% |
| Junior high school | 2419 | 13.1% | |
| High school/Technical school | 2372 | 12.8% | |
| College degree | 2497 | 13.5% | |
| Undergraduate | 9151 | 49.4% | |
| Postgraduate or above | 997 | 5.4% | |
| Party member | Party member | 2870 | 15.5% |
| Non-Party member | 15,651 | 84.5% | |
| Marriage | Married | 8727 | 47.1% |
| Unmarried | 9794 | 52.9% | |
| Income | 2000or blow | 2485 | 13.4% |
| 2001–5000 | 5568 | 30.1% | |
| 5001–8000 | 409 | 22.1% | |
| 8001–10000 | 2605 | 14.1% | |
| 10,001–20000 | 2389 | 12.9% | |
| 20,001–30000 | 741 | 4.0% | |
| 30,000 or above | 636 | 3.4% | |
| Status | Lower class | 2758 | 14.9% |
| Lower-middle class | 6955 | 37.6% | |
| Middle class | 7652 | 41.3% | |
| Upper-middle class | 980 | 5.3% | |
| Upper class | 176 | 1.0% | |
| Region | Rural | 6587 | 35.6% |
| Urban | 11,934 | 64.4% |