TABLE 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| References | Number/Age (years)/Female (%)/Design type | Follow-up time | Conversion | Main outcome measures |
Results |
| Tynan et al. (24) | ⋅ 37 ⋅ 63 ± 13 ⋅ 12 (85.7) ⋅ CS (retrospective) |
18 months | B/A → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, Echocardiography, Safety, etc. | –: 6MWD, RVS, PASP, etc. |
| Aypar et al. (20) |
⋅ 13 ⋅ 20.3 ± 6.5 ⋅ 8 (61.5) ⋅ CS (prospective) |
24 weeks | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, BNP, SaO2, Echocardiography, Hemodynamics, etc. | ↑: 6MWD, etc. –: SaO2, BNP, sPAP, etc. |
| Schweintzger et al. (25) |
⋅ 18 ⋅ 8.5 (0.6, 16.8) ⋅ 8 (44.4) ⋅ CS (prospective) |
6 months | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, NT-proBNP, Echocardiography, Hemodynamics, etc. | ↑: TAPSE, NT-proBNP, mPAP/mSAP, PVRi, etc. –: 6MWD, WHO-FC, etc. |
| Bouma et al. (21) |
⋅ 40 ⋅ 45 ± 13 ⋅ 16 (40.0) ⋅ CS (prospective) |
6 months | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, NT-proBNP, SaO2, Echocardiography, etc. | ↑: WHO-FC, NT-proBNP, TAPSE, etc. –: 6MWD, SaO2, etc. |
| Safdar et al. (23) |
⋅ 24 ⋅ 58 ± 13 ⋅ 21 (87.5) ⋅ CS (retrospective) |
6 months | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, BNP, Echocardiography, Hemodynamics, Safety, etc. | –: 6MWD, BNP, CO, CI, AST, ALT, etc. |
| Cadenas-Menéndez et al. (22) |
⋅ 12 ⋅ 65.63 ± 13.27 ⋅ 10 (83.3) ⋅ CS (retrospective) |
12 months | B/A → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, NT-proBNP, Echocardiography, etc. | ↑: 6MWD, etc. –: NT-proBNP, WHO-FC, etc. |
| Dawson et al. (26) |
⋅ 92 ⋅ 58 ± 14 ⋅ 36 (73) ⋅ CS (retrospective) |
43 months | B → M | 6MWD, NT-proBNP, Hemodynamics, Safety, etc. | ↑: NT-proBNP, CI, mPAP, RAP, etc. |
| Aypar et al. (19) |
⋅ 27 ⋅ 21.1 ± 6.3 ⋅ 20 (74.1) ⋅ CS (prospective) |
22 months | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, Safety, etc. | ↑: 6MWD, etc. |
| Chen et al. (15) |
⋅ 145 ⋅ 32.0 (26.0, 42.0) ⋅ 108 (74.5) ⋅ CS (prospective) |
12 months | B → M | 6MWD, WHO-FC, Hemodynamics, Safety, etc. | ↑: 6MWD, NT-proBNP, TAPSE, RVFAC, sPAP, etc. –: LVEDD, etc. |
↑ represents a significant improvement in the measures compared to those before macitentan initiation. “–” represents no significant improvement in the measure compared to those before macitentan initiation. 6MWD, 6-min walking distances; A, ambrisentan; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; B, bosentan; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CI, cardiac index; CO, cardiac output; CS, cohort Study; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; M, macitentan; mPAP, mean pulmonary arterial pressure; mPAP/mSAP, the ratio of mean pulmonary arterial pressure/mean systemic arterial pressure; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PAP, pulmonary arterial pressure; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PVRi, pulmonary vascular resistance index; RAP, right atrial pressure; RVFAC, right ventricular area change rate; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; WHO-FC, World Health Organization functional class.