Table 2.

Diagnostic values of biomarkers in patients with NSV.

Alarmins	Cut-off value	AUC (95%CI)	Sensitivity, %	Specificity, %	PPV, %	NPV, %
IL-1α, pg/ml	5.647	0.784 (0.711,0.857)	73.08	80.36	87.36	61.65
S100B, pg/ml	15.32	0.723 (0.640,0.806)	92.31	42.86	75.0	75.01
S100A9, ng/ml	628.544	0.750 (0.673,0.828)	85.58	53.57	77.39	66.67
HMGB1, ng/ml	1.227	0.800 (0.733,0.867)	61.54	85.71	88.89	54.55
IL-1α+S100B		0.823 (0.758,0.888)	75.96	76.77	85.86	63.23
IL-1α+S100A9		0.848 (0.787,0.908)	88.46	67.86	83.64	76.00
IL-1α+HMGB1		0.890 (0.841,0.939)	78.85	85.71	91.11	68.57
S100B+S100A9		0.805 (0.739,0.871)	59.62	94.64	95.38	55.79
S100B+HMGB1		0.848 (0.789,0.907)	62.50	92.86	94.21	57.14
S100A9+HMGB1		0.863 (0.808,0.918)	69.23	89.29	92.31	60.98
IL-1α+S100B+S100A9		0.864 (0.808,0.919)	71.15	85.71	90.24	61.53
IL-1α+S100B+HMGB1		0.900 (0.854,0.947)	84.62	80.36	88.89	73.78
S100B+S100A9+HMGB1		0.884 (0.834,0.934)	77.88	87.50	92.05	68.05
all combined		0.925 (0.886,0.965)	87.50	85.71	91.92	78.69

AUC, area under the curve; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

The diagnostic cut-off value corresponds to the maximum point of the Youden index.

The all combined represents the combination of IL-1α, S100B, S100A9, and HMGB1.