Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the case group and control group.
| Variables | Control group N = 623 | Case group N = 180 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 58.0 (49.0; 68.0] | 59.0 (51.0; 69.2] | 0.314 |
| Sex (n, %) | 0.161 | ||
| Male | 363 (58.3%) | 116 (64.4%) | |
| Female | 260 (41.7%) | 64 (35.6%) | |
| Smoking (n, %) | 0.351 | ||
| Never | 425 (68.2%) | 130 (72.2%) | |
| Former or current | 198 (31.8%) | 50 (27.8%) | |
| Alcohol consumption status (n, %) | 0.483 | ||
| Never | 470 (75.4%) | 141 (78.3%) | |
| Former or current | 153 (24.6%) | 39 (21.7%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 1.000 | ||
| No | 318 (51.0%) | 92 (51.1%) | |
| Yes | 305 (49.0%) | 88 (48.9%) | |
| CAD (n, %) | 0.075 | ||
| No | 504 (80.9%) | 134 (74.4%) | |
| Yes | 119 (19.1%) | 46 (25.6%) | |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 0.919 | ||
| No | 134 (21.5%) | 40 (22.2%) | |
| Yes | 489 (78.5%) | 140 (77.8%) | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 139 (125; 151) | 145 (126; 156) | 0.047 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 83.0 (75.0; 93.0) | 84.5 (76.0; 95.0) | 0.309 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.2 (24.4; 29.7) | 27.2 (25.4; 31.3) | 0.003 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 80.0 (77.0; 84.0) | 80.0 (76.0; 84.0) | 0.877 |
| ALT (U/L) | 20.0 (14.9; 29.3) | 19.0 (14.0; 29.1) | 0.604 |
| AST (U/L) | 18.0 (15.0; 24.0) | 19.0 (14.0; 24.0) | 0.980 |
| γ-GGT (U/L) | 23.0 (16.1; 38.0) | 25.0 (17.8; 39.2) | 0.232 |
| ALP (U/L) | 70.2 (60.1; 89.7) | 74.6 (66.1; 95.2) | 0.008 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 40.6 (37.2; 44.3) | 39.5 (36.3; 42.8) | 0.021 |
| Cr (umol/L) | 60.9 (51.9; 73.8) | 62.4 (49.7; 76.4) | 0.645 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 2.31 (0.08; 5.17) | 0.16 (0.08; 4.93) | 0.562 |
| UA (umol/L) | 301 (244; 372) | 299 (247; 374) | 0.834 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.35 (1.08; 2.08) | 1.34 (1.18; 1.89) | 0.744 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.58 (2.02; 3.14) | 2.58 (1.97; 3.11) | 0.574 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.37 (3.81; 5.08) | 4.37 (3.55; 4.90) | 0.097 |
| HDL-C (mmoL/L) | 1.05 (0.90;1.20) | 1.01 (0.82;1.09) | 0.002 |
| Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.22 (2.12; 2.31) | 2.23 (2.13; 2.32) | 0.417 |
| Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 3.87 (3.58; 4.14) | 3.82 (3.58; 4.07) | 0.134 |
| Serum natrium (mmol/L) | 140 (138; 142) | 141 (138; 142) | 0.158 |
| Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.16 (1.01; 1.28) | 1.17 (1.05; 1.32) | 0.113 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 5.08 (4.66; 7.20) | 5.09 (4.62; 7.18) | 0.834 |
| CK (U/L) | 67.0 (52.6; 106) | 70.0 (59.6; 102) | 0.501 |
| CK-MB (ng/mL) | 11.1 (1.52; 16.4) | 12.1 (1.87; 16.4) | 0.398 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.55 (5.48; 8.09) | 6.45 (5.26; 7.96) | 0.538 |
| PLT (109/L) | 240 (199; 281) | 241 (183; 288) | 0.727 |
| Hb (g/L) | 139 (126; 151) | 138 (124; 150) | 0.738 |
| D-Dimer (mg/L) | 0.38 (0.23; 0.69) | 0.43 (0.24; 0.80) | 0.193 |
| CortisoL (µg/dL) | 8.39 (3.79; 14.3) | 8.40 (4.93; 14.0) | 0.194 |
| ACTH (pg/mL) | 18.6 (13.3; 30.6) | 18.6 (12.7; 32.4) | 0.953 |
| TSH (µIU/mL) | 2.11 (1.19; 3.18) | 2.13 (1.09; 2.89) | 0.295 |
| FT3 (pg/mL) | 2.73 (2.17; 3.02) | 2.74 (2.25; 3.04) | 0.447 |
| FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.16 (1.01; 1.33) | 1.17 (1.02; 1.33) | 0.381 |
| TT3 (ng/mL) | 0.92 (0.72; 1.08) | 0.94 (0.74; 1.07) | 0.423 |
| TT4 (µg/dL) | 6.70 (5.57; 8.02) | 6.81 (5.87; 7.82) | 0.493 |
| IGF-1 (ng/mL) | 122 (87.6; 161) | 132 (95.3; 212) | 0.001 |
| GH (ug/L) | 0.18 (0.09; 0.56) | 0.36 (0.12; 1.37) | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB (n, %) | 0.077 | ||
| No | 469 (75.3%) | 123 (68.3%) | |
| Yes | 154 (24.7%) | 57 (31.7%) | |
| β blockers (n, %) | 0.271 | ||
| No | 554 (88.9%) | 154 (85.6%) | |
| Yes | 69 (11.1%) | 26 (14.4%) | |
| Calcium channel blockers (n, %) | 0.354 | ||
| No | 470 (75.4%) | 129 (71.7%) | |
| Yes | 153 (24.6%) | 51 (28.3%) | |
| Diuretics (n, %) | 0.401 | ||
| No | 553 (88.8%) | 155 (86.1%) | |
| Yes | 70 (11.2%) | 25 (13.9%) | |
| Antiplatelet agents (n, %) | 0.788 | ||
| No | 513 (82.3%) | 146 (81.1%) | |
| Yes | 110 (17.7%) | 34 (18.9%) | |
| Statin (n, %) | 0.165 | ||
| No | 537 (86.2%) | 147 (81.7%) | |
| Yes | 86 (13.8%) | 33 (18.3%) |
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; γ-GGT, γ-gamma-glutamyltransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; Cr, creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme MB; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, plastocyte; Hb, hemoglobin; ACTH, adrenalotropic hormone; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; FT3, free triiodothyronine; FT4, free thyroxine; TT3, total triiodothyronine; TT4, total thyroxine; IGF-1, insulin-like growth hormone-1; GH, growth hormone ACEI/ARB: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin 2 receptor blocker.