Table 4.

Linear regression models for general cognitive ability, relative white matter volume, and relative gray matter volume with the same exposure variables included in the models

	General cognitive ability						Relative white matter volume					Relative grey matter volume
	B	β		p		B		β		p		B	β		p
Male a	0.346	.275		< .001*		0.007		.175		< .001*		0.021	.331		< .001*
Age a	− 0.036	− .258		< .001*		− 0.001		− .298		< .001*		− 0.002	− .268		< .001*
Mobility b	− 0.027	− .114		< .001*		− 0.001		− .078		.001*		− 0.001	− .109		< .001*
Leisure activities	0.023	.134		< .001*		< 0.001		.000		.991		< 0.001	.006		.778
Foreign languages	0.106	.257		< .001*		< 0.001		.028		.332		− 0.001	− .053		.052
Education (Primary or secondary school education as reference)
College education	0.154	.093		< .001*		−  < 0.001		− .008		.735		− 0.002	− .019		.416
University education	0.072	.037		.127		− 0.003		− .050		.074		− 0.005	− .052		.048**
Self-reported health	0.095	.063		.003*		0.001		.012		.618		0.002	.032		.160
Physical strength	0.001	.124		< .001*		< 0.001		.096		.003*		< 0.001	.035		.248
Smoking (Never having smoked as reference)
Previously smoked	− 0.011	− .009		.688		− 0.001		− .014		.560		− 0.004	− .068		.003*
Current smoker	− 0.062	− .030		.152		− 0.005		− .077		.001*		− 0.011	− .104		< .001*
Coronary artery disease (No coronary artery disease as reference)
Possible case of coronary artery disease	− 0.048	− .019		.322		0.001		.013		.556		− 0.003	− .023		.278
Confirmed case of coronary artery disease	− 0.078	− .047		.021*		− 0.005		− .092		< .001*		− 0.008	− .091		< .001*
Alcohol consumption	0.001	.058		.004*		−  < 0.001		− .044		.059		−  < 0.001	− .087		< .001*
Depression	− 0.015	− .045		.039**		− 0.001		− .101		< .001*		−  < 0.001	− .009		.705
Diabetes	− 0.011	− .005		.788		− 0.005		− .075		.001*		− 0.004	− .035		.088
Hypertension (No hypertension as reference)
Pre-hypertension	− 0.087	− .068		.031**		− 0.001		− .032		.380		− 0.004	− .059		.086
Hypertension	− 0.126	− .101		.002*		− 0.004		− .106		.004*		− 0.003	− .047		.171
Body Fat Percentage	− 0.002	− .029		.366		−  < 0.001		− .144		< .001*		< 0.001	.010		.777
ApoE $\epsilon 4$ carrier	− 0.052	− .037		.060		− 0.002		− .044		.045**		− 0.003	− .045		.031**
R2	.381						.198					.291

^aSex and age are control variables. ^bThe TUG test for mobility has a negative relationship with the outcome variables. A low score represents more mobility. Better mobility is therefore related to better outcomes

^*Variables marked with one asterisk have a significant p value after a Benjamini–Hochberg correction [50]. **Variables marked with two asterisks have a p value < 0.05 but are considered non-significant after the Benjamini–Hochberg correction