Table 2.
p values from phylogenetic honest significant differences (HSD) test, testing whether modern bird claws with different ecological groupings have different shapes, via traditional morphometrics when digit I is excluded
| Constrict | Ground | Perch | Restraint | Scavenge | Strike | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constrict | 6.58E–01 | 1.85E–01 | 3. 82E–01 | 4.77E–01 | 7. 73E–01 | |
| Ground | 6.58E–01 | 4.00E–03** | 2.20E–02* | 1.52E–01 | 3.08E–01 | |
| Perch | 1.85E–01 | 4.00E–03** | 8.00E–01 | 8.49E–01 | 2.11E–01 | |
| Restraint | 3.82E–01 | 2.50E–02* | 8.00E–01 | 9.95E–01 | 5.13E–01 | |
| Scavenge | 4.77E–01 | 1.52E–01 | 8.49E–01 | 9.95E–01 | 7.53E–01 | |
| Strike | 7.73E–01 | 3.08E–01 | 2.11E–01 | 5.13E–01 | 7.53E–01 |
Table S1 in ref. 12 provides data for when digit I information is included; inclusion of digit I does not affect which groups are significantly different. p values are indicated with one asterisk (*) for significance at the 0.05 level and two (**) at the 0.01 level. Note that the pairwise() function in RRPP48 places a lower limit on the returned p value, so p values reported as 1.00E–03 may be more significant. Adjustments are made for multiple comparisons in HSD.