Table 1.
All patients (n = 21) | With pacemaker (n = 16) | Without pacemaker (n = 5) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 13 (62) | 11 (69) | 2 (40) | 0.325 |
Age, median (IQR), y | 66 (63–70) | 66 (62–72) | 66 (55–67) | 0.660 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Hypertension | 7 (33) | 6 (38) | 1 (20) | 0.624 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 4 (19) | 3 (19) | 1 (2) | 0.998 |
Diabetes | 3 (14) | 3 (19) | 0 (0) | 0.579 |
Cancer types | ||||
Melanoma, n (%) | 5 (24) | 3 (19) | 2 (40) | 0.546 |
Lung cancer, n (%) | 9 (43) | 8 (50) | 1 (20) | |
Others, n (%) | 7 (33) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | |
Unknown | ||||
ICIs, n (%) | ||||
Nivolumab | 9 (43) | 8 (50) | 1 (20) | 0.546 |
Pembrolizumab | 7 (33) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | |
Others | 5 (24) | 3 (19) | 2 (40) | |
Onset after 1–2 doses of ICIs, n (%) | 19 (90) | 14 (88) | 5 (100) | 1.000 |
Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
Fatigue or muscle weakness | 13 (62) | 10 (63) | 3 (60) | 1.000 |
Dyspnea | 9 (43) | 5 (31) | 4 (80) | 0.119 |
Myalgias | 6 (29) | 5 (31) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
Ocular signs | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
Elevated troponin, n (%) | 19 (90) | 14 (88) | 5 (100) | 1.000 |
LVEF <50, n (%) | 7 (38) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | 1.000 |
Coronary angiography, n (%) | ||||
Normal | 10 (48) | 8 (50) | 2 (40) | 0.823 |
Minor stenosis | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | |
Unknown | 6 (28) | 4 (25) | 2 (40) | |
Biopsy or autopsy, n (%) | 13 (62) | 9 (56) | 4 (80) | 0.606 |
Treatment, n (%) | ||||
Corticosteroid | 21 (100) | 16 (100) | 5 (100) | N/A |
MPPT | 16 (76) | 12 (75) | 4 (80) | 1.000 |
IVIG | 4 (19) | 3 (19) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
Deaths, n (%) | 11 (52) | 6 (38) | 5 (100) | 0.035 |
Cause of death, n (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular events | 6 (29) | 4 (25) | 2 (40) | 0.598 |
Abandoning treatment | 5 (24) | 2 (18) | 3 (60) | N/A |
Die of cardiovascular events, n (%) | ||||
Lethal arrhythmia | 1 (17) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | N/A |
Heart failure | 3 (50) | 2 (50) | 1 (50) | |
Cardiogenic shock | 2 (33) | 1 (25) | 1 (50) | |
MPPT, n (%) | 16 (76) | 12 (75) | 4 (80) | N/A |
Deaths, n (%) | 7 (44) | 3 (25) | 4 (100) | 0.019 |
Non-MPPT, n (%) | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | N/A |
Deaths, n (%) | 4 (80) | 3 (75) | 1 (100) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MPPT, methylprednisolone pulse therapy; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; and N/A, not applicable.