Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with immune-related myocarditis concomitant with CHB
| All patients (n = 21) | With pacemaker (n = 16) | Without pacemaker (n = 5) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 13 (62) | 11 (69) | 2 (40) | 0.325 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 66 (63–70) | 66 (62–72) | 66 (55–67) | 0.660 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 7 (33) | 6 (38) | 1 (20) | 0.624 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 4 (19) | 3 (19) | 1 (2) | 0.998 |
| Diabetes | 3 (14) | 3 (19) | 0 (0) | 0.579 |
| Cancer types | ||||
| Melanoma, n (%) | 5 (24) | 3 (19) | 2 (40) | 0.546 |
| Lung cancer, n (%) | 9 (43) | 8 (50) | 1 (20) | |
| Others, n (%) | 7 (33) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | |
| Unknown | ||||
| ICIs, n (%) | ||||
| Nivolumab | 9 (43) | 8 (50) | 1 (20) | 0.546 |
| Pembrolizumab | 7 (33) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | |
| Others | 5 (24) | 3 (19) | 2 (40) | |
| Onset after 1–2 doses of ICIs, n (%) | 19 (90) | 14 (88) | 5 (100) | 1.000 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fatigue or muscle weakness | 13 (62) | 10 (63) | 3 (60) | 1.000 |
| Dyspnea | 9 (43) | 5 (31) | 4 (80) | 0.119 |
| Myalgias | 6 (29) | 5 (31) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
| Ocular signs | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
| Elevated troponin, n (%) | 19 (90) | 14 (88) | 5 (100) | 1.000 |
| LVEF <50, n (%) | 7 (38) | 5 (31) | 2 (40) | 1.000 |
| Coronary angiography, n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 10 (48) | 8 (50) | 2 (40) | 0.823 |
| Minor stenosis | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | |
| Unknown | 6 (28) | 4 (25) | 2 (40) | |
| Biopsy or autopsy, n (%) | 13 (62) | 9 (56) | 4 (80) | 0.606 |
| Treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Corticosteroid | 21 (100) | 16 (100) | 5 (100) | N/A |
| MPPT | 16 (76) | 12 (75) | 4 (80) | 1.000 |
| IVIG | 4 (19) | 3 (19) | 1 (20) | 1.000 |
| Deaths, n (%) | 11 (52) | 6 (38) | 5 (100) | 0.035 |
| Cause of death, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular events | 6 (29) | 4 (25) | 2 (40) | 0.598 |
| Abandoning treatment | 5 (24) | 2 (18) | 3 (60) | N/A |
| Die of cardiovascular events, n (%) | ||||
| Lethal arrhythmia | 1 (17) | 1 (25) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Heart failure | 3 (50) | 2 (50) | 1 (50) | |
| Cardiogenic shock | 2 (33) | 1 (25) | 1 (50) | |
| MPPT, n (%) | 16 (76) | 12 (75) | 4 (80) | N/A |
| Deaths, n (%) | 7 (44) | 3 (25) | 4 (100) | 0.019 |
| Non-MPPT, n (%) | 5 (24) | 4 (25) | 1 (20) | N/A |
| Deaths, n (%) | 4 (80) | 3 (75) | 1 (100) | 1.000 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MPPT, methylprednisolone pulse therapy; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; and N/A, not applicable.