Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable analyses to investigate relationships between fathers' characteristics and anxiety-state, n = 336
| Dependent variable: 1 = High anxiety-state 0 = Low anxiety-state |
Low anxiety-state (n = 266) | High anxiety-state (n = 70) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (n) | % | (n) | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Third level education | 0.033 | |||||||
| No | 71.6 | (68) | 28.4 | (27) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 82.2 | (198) | 17.8 | (43) | 0.55 (0.31–0.95) | |||
| Relationship status | 0.021 | 0.022 | ||||||
| In relationship but not cohabiting/single | 59.1 | (13) | 40.9 | (9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 80.6 | (253) | 19.4 | (61) | 0.35 (0.14–0.85) | 0.22 (0.06–0.80) | ||
| Employment status | 0.530 | |||||||
| Full-time employment | 80.2 | (223) | 19.8 | (55) | 1 | |||
| Self-employed | 72.2 | (26) | 27.8 | (10) | 1.56 (0.71–3.42) | |||
| Other | 77.3 | (17) | 22.7 | (5) | 1.19 (0.42–3.37) | |||
| Living in a house | 0.289 | |||||||
| No | 71.9 | (23) | 28.1 | (9) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 79.9 | (243) | 20.1 | (61) | 0.64 (0.28–1.46) | |||
| Home owner | 0.083 | |||||||
| No | 73.9 | (88) | 26.1 | (31) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 82.0 | (178) | 18.0 | (39) | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) | |||
| Smoker | 0.121 | |||||||
| No | 80.7 | (226) | 19.3 | (54) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 71.4 | (40) | 28.6 | (16) | 1.67 (0.87–3.21) | |||
| Drinks alcohol weekly | 0.098 | |||||||
| No | 73.0 | (65) | 27.0 | (24) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 81.4 | (201) | 18.6 | (46) | 0.62 (0.35–1.09) | |||
| First-time father | 0.516 | |||||||
| No | 77.7 | (129) | 22.3 | (37) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 80.6 | (137) | 19.4 | (33) | 0.84 (0.50–1.42) | |||
| Experience of labour and birth positive | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 53.1 | (17) | 46.9 | (15) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 81.9 | (249) | 18.1 | (55) | 0.25 (0.12–0.53) | |||
| Planned pregnancy | 0.919 | |||||||
| No | 78.7 | (48) | 21.3 | (13) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 79.3 | (218) | 20.7 | (57) | 0.97 (0.49–1.90) | |||
| Intend taking paternity leave | 0.875 | |||||||
| No | 80.0 | (40) | 20.0 | (10) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 79.0 | (226) | 21.0 | (60) | 1.06 (0.50–2.25) | |||
| Father has history of mental health problems | 0.003 | |||||||
| No | 81.8 | (238) | 18.2 | (53) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 62.2 | (28) | 37.8 | (17) | 2.73 (1.39–5.34) | |||
| Father has history of stress | 0.005 | |||||||
| No | 80.9 | (254) | 19.1 | (60) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 54.5 | (12) | 45.5 | (10) | 3.53 (1.46–8.55) | |||
| Father has history of anxiety | 0.001 | |||||||
| No | 81.6 | (249) | 18.4 | (56) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 54.8 | (17) | 45.2 | (14) | 3.66 (1.70–7.86) | |||
| Father has history of depression | 0.195 | |||||||
| No | 79.9 | (251) | 20.1 | (63) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 68.2 | (15) | 31.8 | (7) | 1.86 (0.73–4.75) | |||
| Partner has history of mental health problems | 0.422 | |||||||
| No | 79.9 | (227) | 20.1 | (57) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 75.0 | (39) | 25.0 | (13) | 1.33 (0.66–2.65) | |||
| Partner has history of stress | 0.171 | |||||||
| No | 79.8 | (257) | 20.2 | (65) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 64.3 | (9) | 35.7 | (5) | 2.20 (0.71–6.78) | |||
| Partner has history of anxiety | 0.428 | |||||||
| No | 79.7 | (247) | 20.3 | (63) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 73.1 | (19) | 26.9 | (7) | 1.44 (0.58–3.59) | |||
| Partner has history of depression | 0.683 | |||||||
| No | 79.5 | (240) | 20.5 | (62) | 1 | |||
| Yes | 76.5 | (26) | 23.5 | (8) | 1.19 (0.51–2.76) | |||
| High anxiety-trait | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| No | 95.2 | (237) | 4.8 | (12) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 33.3 | (29) | 66.7 | (58) | 39.50 (19.01–82.09) | 27.79 (11.83–65.27) | ||
| Moderate/high perceived stress | <0.001 | 0.042 | ||||||
| No | 93.9 | (186) | 6.1 | (12) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 58.0 | (80) | 42.0 | (58) | 11.24 (5.72–22.06) | 2.44 (1.03–5.78) | ||
| Depressive symptoms | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 91.4 | (234) | 8.6 | (22) | 1 | |||
| Yes – minor depressive symptoms | 45.7 | (16) | 54.3 | (19) | 12.63 (5.70–27.99) | |||
| Yes – major depressive symptoms | 35.6 | (16) | 64.4 | (29) | 19.28 (9.10–40.84) | |||
| Age | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.089 | ||||||