Table 4.
Univariable and multivariable analyses to investigate relationships between fathers' characteristics and anxiety-trait, n = 336
| Dependent variable: 1 = High anxiety-trait 0 = Low anxiety-trait |
Low anxiety-trait (n = 249) | High anxiety-trait (n = 87) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (n) | % | (n) | OR (95% CI) | p value | OR | (95% CI) | p value | |
| Third level education | 0.225 | ||||||||
| No | 69.5 | (66) | 30.5 | (29) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 75.9 | (183) | 24.1 | (58) | 0.72 (0.43–1.22) | ||||
| Relationship status | 0.513 | 0.043 | |||||||
| In relationship but not cohabiting/single | 68.2 | (15) | 31.8 | (7) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Married/cohabiting | 74.5 | (234) | 25.5 | (80) | 0.73 (0.29–1.86) | 6.30 (1.06–37.32) | |||
| Employment status | 0.615 | ||||||||
| Full-time employment | 75.2 | (209) | 24.8 | (69) | 1 | ||||
| Self-employed | 69.4 | (25) | 30.6 | (11) | 1.33 (0.62–2.85) | ||||
| Other | 68.2 | (15) | 31.8 | (7) | 1.41 (0.55–3.61) | ||||
| Living in a house | 0.904 | ||||||||
| No | 75.0 | (24) | 25.0 | (8) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 74.0 | (225) | 26.0 | (79) | 1.05 (0.45–2.44) | ||||
| Home owner | 0.276 | ||||||||
| No | 70.6 | (84) | 29.4 | (35) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 76.0 | (165) | 24.0 | (52) | 0.76 (0.46–1.25) | ||||
| Smoker | 0.014 | ||||||||
| No | 76.8 | (215) | 23.2 | (65) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 60.7 | (34) | 39.3 | (22) | 2.14 (1.17–3.91) | ||||
| Drinks alcohol weekly | 0.094 | ||||||||
| No | 67.4 | (60) | 32.6 | (29) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 76.5 | (189) | 23.5 | (58) | 0.63 (0.37–1.08) | ||||
| First-time father | 0.622 | 0.010 | |||||||
| No | 75.3 | (125) | 24.7 | (41) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 72.9 | (124) | 27.1 | (46) | 1.13 (0.69–1.84) | 3.31 (1.33–8.26) | |||
| Experience of labour and birth positive | 0.002 | ||||||||
| No | 50.0 | (16) | 50.0 | (16) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 76.6 | (233) | 23.4 | (71) | 0.30 (0.15–0.64) | ||||
| Planned pregnancy | 0.302 | ||||||||
| No | 68.9 | (42) | 31.1 | (19) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 75.3 | (207) | 24.7 | (68) | 0.73 (0.40–1.33) | ||||
| Intend taking paternity leave | 0.305 | ||||||||
| No | 80.0 | (40) | 20.0 | (10) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 73.1 | (209) | 26.9 | (77) | 1.47 (0.70–3.09) | ||||
| Father has history of mental health problems | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 78.7 | (229) | 21.3 | (62) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 44.4 | (20) | 55.6 | (25) | 4.62 (2.41–8.86) | ||||
| Father has history of stress | 0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 76.4 | (240) | 23.6 | (74) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 40.9 | (9) | 59.1 | (13) | 4.68 (1.93–11.40) | ||||
| Father has history of anxiety | <0.001 | ||||||||
| No | 77.0 | (235) | 23.0 | (70) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 45.2 | (14) | 54.8 | (17) | 4.08 (1.91–8.68) | ||||
| Father has history of depression | 0.011 | ||||||||
| No | 75.8 | (238) | 24.2 | (76) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 50.0 | (11) | 50.0 | (11) | 3.13 (1.31–7.51) | ||||
| Partner has history of mental health problems | 0.225 | ||||||||
| No | 75.4 | (214) | 24.6 | (70) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 67.3 | (35) | 32.7 | (17) | 1.48 (0.78–2.81) | ||||
| Partner has history of stress | 0.148 | ||||||||
| No | 74.8 | (241) | 25.2 | (81) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 57.1 | (8) | 42.9 | (6) | 2.23 (0.75–6.62) | ||||
| Partner has history of anxiety | 0.555 | ||||||||
| No | 74.5 | (231) | 25.5 | (79) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 69.2 | (18) | 30.8 | (8) | 1.30 (0.54–3.11) | ||||
| Partner has history of depression | 0.190 | ||||||||
| No | 75.2 | (227) | 24.8 | (75) | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 64.7 | (22) | 35.3 | (12) | 1.65 (0.78–3.50) | ||||
| High anxiety-state | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 89.1 | (237) | 10.9 | (29) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 17.1 | (12) | 82.9 | (58) | 39.50 (19.01–82.09) | 23.73 (8.84–63.72) | |||
| Moderate/high perceived stress | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 93.9 | (186) | 6.1 | (12) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 45.7 | (63) | 54.3 | (75) | 18.45 (9.41–36.17) | 6.94 (2.75–17.49) | |||
| Depressive symptoms | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 90.6 | (232) | 9.4 | (24) | 1 | 1 | |||
| Yes – minor depressive symptoms | 31.4 | (11) | 68.6 | (24) | 21.09 (9.21–48.28) | 9.03 (3.07–26.52) | |||
| Yes – major depressive symptoms | 13.3 | (6) | 86.7 | (39) | 62.83 (24.14–163.57) | 20.70 (6.02–71.22) | |||
| Age | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 0.093 | |||||||