Table 2.
Indicators of the socioeconomic deprivation
Source: INKAR 2021, Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency [29]
| Dimension | Characteristic | Indicator | Source | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education | Employees with university degree | Proportion of employees subject to social insurance contributions at place of residence with university degree as share of total employees subject to social insurance contributions at place of residence in % | Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency | Districts for the years 2001–2011 and 2013–2019* |
| Education | Employees without qualification | Proportion of employees subject to social insurance contributions at place of residence without professional qualification as share of total employees subject to social insurance contributions at place of residence in % | Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency | Districts for the years 2001–2011 and 2013–2019* |
| Education | School leavers without qualification | Proportion of school leavers without lower secondary school leavers certificate out of all school leavers in % | Statistics on the schools of general education of the federal and state governments | Districts for the years 1998–2019 |
| Employment | Unemployment rate | Proportion of unemployed as share of inhabitants of working age | Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency | GVB for the years 1998–2019** |
| Employment | Employment rate | Employees subject to social insurance contributions at place of residence per 100 inhabitants of working age | Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency | GVB for the years 1998–2019** |
| Employment | Gross wage and salary | Monthly gross earnings of employees in EUR | National Accounts of the Federal States | Districts for the years 2000–2019 |
| Income | Net household income | Average household income in € per inhabitant | National Accounts of the Federal States | Districts for the years 2000–2019 |
| Income | Debtor quota | Private debtors per 100 inhabitants aged 18 and above in % | Statistics from creditreform e.V. associations in Germany | Districts for the years 2004–2019 |
| Income | Tax revenue | Income tax in € per inhabitant | Comparison of federal and federal state taxation on real estate and working assets | GVB for the years 1998–2019 |
* Data source for the proportions of employees subject to social insurance contributions without qualification and with university degree is the Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency [29]. Data for the years 2013 to 2019 is freely available there. Data for the years 2001 to 2011 was obtained directly via the Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency.
** For unemployment and employment rates, values for the GVB level were only available as of 2001. For the years 1998 to 2001, the values of the district level were assigned to the GVB.
GVB = comprises large municipalities and collectives of smaller municipalities (Gemeindeverbände)