Table 1.

Measures and questions of posttraining survey.

Research measures	Questions
Confidence	1. I feel confident in applying my BFAa skills quickly and correctly after training.
Helpfulness and simulation effect	2. I feel the simulation training approach was more efficient in improving technical first aid skills than the traditional approach. 3. The simulation effects of the battlefield geographic environment and battle scenario are very real. 4. I thought the platform was helpful in improving team cooperation. 5. The training platform was helpful in improving decision-making for first aid.

^aBFA: battle-field first aid.