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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 2.

Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2022 Aug 12;40(37):5413–5432. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.065

Figure 2. — Effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV infection by number of doses and age at vaccination

1 dose vs 0 doses; 2 doses vs 0 doses; 3 doses vs 0 doses

Data included in this analysis were extracted from original published articles.

NA, not available

Gray area indicates the range of the CIs from the published studies for effectiveness of 3 doses among girls aged 18 or younger when vaccinated.

^aRisk ratio includes different measures depending on study, including incidence rate ratio, prevalence ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio or hazard ratio; for Widdice 2019 and Sonawane 2019, risk ratio was estimated from the prevalence of HPV infection among the different dose groups presented in the article, but the authors did not formally assess the effectiveness of 1,2,3 doses compared to 0 dose.

^bAge at vaccination ≤18 years of age varied by study; for Markowitz 2020, ≤18 years; for Batmunkh 2020, age 11–17 years; for Kavanagh 2014, estimates from an analysis adjusted for birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years; for Cushieri 2016, estimates from an analysis adjusted by birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years; for Kavanagh 2017 estimates from an analysis adjusted for birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years.

Inline graphic — Effectiveness of HPV vaccination against HPV infection by number of doses and age at vaccination

1 dose vs 0 doses; 2 doses vs 0 doses; 3 doses vs 0 doses

Data included in this analysis were extracted from original published articles.

NA, not available

Gray area indicates the range of the CIs from the published studies for effectiveness of 3 doses among girls aged 18 or younger when vaccinated.

^aRisk ratio includes different measures depending on study, including incidence rate ratio, prevalence ratio, risk ratio, odds ratio or hazard ratio; for Widdice 2019 and Sonawane 2019, risk ratio was estimated from the prevalence of HPV infection among the different dose groups presented in the article, but the authors did not formally assess the effectiveness of 1,2,3 doses compared to 0 dose.

^bAge at vaccination ≤18 years of age varied by study; for Markowitz 2020, ≤18 years; for Batmunkh 2020, age 11–17 years; for Kavanagh 2014, estimates from an analysis adjusted for birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years; for Cushieri 2016, estimates from an analysis adjusted by birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years; for Kavanagh 2017 estimates from an analysis adjusted for birth cohort and there were few individuals vaccinated at age >18 years.