(a) Averaged dopamine response (z-scores) during the CS+ and pre-exposed CS+ cues and footshocks in the first fear conditioning session. The music note represents the cue onset and the lightning symbol denotes the footshock onset. (b) Fold change (in AUC) from average CS− values across 6 trials (two-sided Nested ANOVA, F(2, 83)= 2.10 p=0.1287). (c) Percent change (in peak dopamine response) from CS− values across 6 trials (two-sided Nested ANOVA, F(2, 83)= 3.91 p=0.0239). Pre-exposure to the predictive cue does not affect dopamine response to the subsequent footshock. (d) Averaged dopamine signal to footshocks following the CS+ and pre-exposed CS+ on fear conditioning session 1. (e) Peak dopamine response to the footshock following a pre-exposed or non-pre-exposed cue during session 1 (two-sided Nested ANOVA F(1,54)= 0.13, p=0.3738), (f) time for the signal to return to baseline following peak evoked by the footshock across trial types did not differ (two-sided Nested ANOVA F(1,54)= 0.10, p=0.7475), and (g) tau also did not differ between groups (two-sided Nested ANOVA F(1,54)= 0.71, p=0.4040). Data represented as mean ± S.E.M. * p<0.05. ns = not significant.