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. 2022 Dec 21;22:815. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-04468-z

Table 2.

Self-stigma and depression across time

Mean (SD) F (p-value) Comparisons using Bonferroni adjustments
Time 1 Time 2 Time 3 Time 4
Self-stigma_ Affect 2.34 (0.82) 2.17 (0.75) 2.19 (0.82) 2.19 (0.91) 6.29 (p < 0.01) 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4
Self-stigma_ Behavior 2.70 (0.91) 2.50 (0.87) 2.49 (0.88) 2.36 (1.07) 18.45 (p < 0.01) 1 > 2, 1 > 3, 1 > 4, 2 > 4, 3 > 4
Self-stigma_ Cognition 2.22 (0.89) 2.07 (0.80) 2.14 (0.77) 2.11 (1.01) 3.37 (p = 0.02) 1 > 2
Depression 7.94 (10.34) 7.24 (9.83) 7.31 (9.20) 7.06 (8.70) 1.41 (p = 0.24)

Self-stigma assessed using the Self-Stigma Scale-Short form; depression assessed using the Depression subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21). Time 1 = baseline; Time 2 = first follow-up (three months after baseline); Time 3 = second follow-up (six months after baseline); Time 4 = third follow-up (nine months after baseline); Post-hoc comparisons were Bonferroni-corrected