Table 4.
Association between the use of PPI and maternal and neonatal outcomes presented as the odds ratio of having the outcome compared to non-users
| PPI use | Pre-eclampsia | GDM | Preterm | AS5min < 7 | SGA | LGA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of prescriptions | ||||||
| 2 | 1.21 (1.09–1.36) | 1.24 (1.07–1.44) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | 1.00 (0.83–1.21) | 1.31 (1.14–1.49) | 0.81 (0.71–0.92) |
| 3 | 1.30 (1.11–1.52) | 1.35 (1.10–1.67) | 1.56 (1.37–1.78) | 1.07 (0.81–1.40) | 1.19 (0.97–1.47) | 0.85 (0.71–1.03) |
| ≥ 4 | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.32 (1.10–1.59) | 1.19 (1.03–1.36) | 1.19 (0.93–1.53) | 1.28 (1.05–1.56) | 0.87 (0.74–1.02) |
| Number of weeks | ||||||
| 0–12 | 1.34 (1.16–1.54) | 1.38 (1.14–1.68) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) | 1.02 (0.79–1.32) | 1.14 (0.94–1.37) | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) |
| 12–20 | 1.19 (1.00–1.42) | 1.41 (1.14–1.75) | 1.29 (1.12–1.49) | 1.01 (0.75–1.37) | 1.29 (1.05–1.60) | 0.92 (0.77–1.11) |
| 20–36 | 1.23 (1.05–1.43) | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 0.96 (0.73–1.28) | 1.45 (1.20–1.74) | 0.79 (0.66–0.95) |
| > 36 | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 1.26 (1.04–1.52) | 1.45 (1.27–1.65) | 1.24 (0.98–1.57) | 1.25 (1.03–1.52) | 0.83 (0.70–0.98) |
Abbreviations: AS5min, Apgar score 5 min after birth; DDD, defined daily doses; GDM, gestational diabetes; LGA, large for gestational age; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SGA, small for gestational age