Comparison of regeneration method for spent activated carbon in MB adsorption.
| No. | Activated carbon sources | SSA (m2 g−1) | q max a (mg g−1) | C 0,max b (mg L−1) | Dosagec (g L−1) | Timemaxd (h) | Regeneration | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Time (h) | Cycles | ||||||||
| 1 | Bituminous coal (commercial) | 862 | 371.75 | 600 | 1 | 480 | Electrochemical (6 mA cm−2) | 24 | 3 | 15 |
| PS: 0.55–0.75 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: n.a. | ||||||||||
| 2 | Coconuts shells | 1726 | 457 | 1000 | 1 | 2.5 | Pyrolysise (635 °C) | 0.5 | 1 | 17 |
| PS: 0.25–0.425 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: NaOH | ||||||||||
| 3 | Spent coal (commercial) | 1233 | 375.93 | 400 | 1 | 6 | Steam (983 °C) | 2.25 | 1 | 18 |
| PS: 2–3 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: n.a. | ||||||||||
| 4 | Charcoal (commercial) | 651 (SAC)f; 768 (Pyro-RAC) g; 730 (CO2-RAC)h | 177 (SAC)f; 286 (Pyro-RAC)g; n.a. (CO2-RAC)h | 1000 | 1 | 168 | Thermal (350 °C); CO2 (900 °C) | 1.5 | 1 | 19 |
| PS: 0.3 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: n.a. | ||||||||||
| 5 | Coconut shells (commercial) | 1131 | 154 | 1500 | 2 | 48 | Microwave (200 Watt; 305 °C) | 0.05 | 4 | 16 |
| PS: 1 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: steam | ||||||||||
| 6 | Coconut shells (commercial) | 467.91 (SACCS); 688.02 (SACCS-350) | 79.31 (SACCS); 160.36 (SACCS-350) | 400 | 0.6 | 3 | Thermal (350 °C) | 1 | 3 | This work |
| PS: 0.1–0.3 mm | ||||||||||
| AM: steam and thermal | ||||||||||
a
Maximum monolayer adsorption capacity.
b
Initial concentration of MB for qmax determination.
c
Adsorbent dosage.
d
Time for qmax determination.
e
n N2 atmosphere.
f
No treatment AC.
g
Thermal regeneration AC.
h
CO2 regeneration AC; SSA: specific surface area; PS: particle size; AM: activation method; n.a.: not available.