FIG 4.

UL41 deficiency enhances DEV-triggered induction of IFN-β and downstream antiviral genes. (A) Cytopathic effects (bar length = 400 μm) and indirect immunofluorescence (bar length = 200 μm) analysis of the DEFs infected with DEV-WT or DEV-dUL41 using rabbit anti-UL41 and anti-rabbit IgG-TRITC antibodies. (B and C) Effects of UL41 deficiency on transcription of IFN-β, IL-6, Mx, and OASL in DEFs. DEFs were infected with DEV-WT or DEV-dUL41 (MOI = 0.01) for 24 h before analysis of IFN-β, IL-6, Mx, and OASL mRNA levels. The amounts of IFN-β, IL-6, Mx, and OASL mRNA were normalized to the β-actin mRNA level in each sample, and the fold difference relative to the mock controls was determined. (D) The growth properties of DEV-WT and DEV-dUL41 in DEFs. Data are presented as means ± SDs from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ns, no significant difference.