Table 2.

Adjusted relative risk ratios for predictors of adolescent loneliness trajectories^a

	Moderate–decreasing (n = 185, 5.8%)			Moderate–increasing (n = 508, 16.1%)			Consistently high (n = 24, 0.8%)
	RRR	95% CI		RRR	95% CI		RRR	95% CI
Bullying victimization	1.64**	1.18	2.28	1.88***	1.52	2.33	4.57***	1.97	10.59
Parental psychological distress	0.67	0.29	1.56	1.84**	1.25	2.71	5.07***	1.78	14.42
Gender (girl)	1.42*	1.05	1.94	2.32***	1.89	2.84	2.01	0.87	4.63
Parent origin (non-Japanese)	0.82	0.25	2.68	1.98*	1.14	3.44	2.36	0.30	18.35
Low parental education	1.25	0.84	1.86	1.39**	1.08	1.79	1.24	0.46	3.37
Low household income	1.12	0.66	1.90	1.24	0.89	1.74	1.30	0.38	4.41
Single-parent household	0.95	0.46	1.97	0.86	0.53	1.39	0.91	0.17	4.88
Child chronic health condition	1.82**	1.19	2.77	1.31	0.96	1.78	1.22	0.39	3.79
Child cognitive delay	0.89	0.44	1.80	0.84	0.53	1.34	4.20**	1.44	12.24

CI confidence interval; RRR relative risk ratio

The “consistently low” group is taken as reference

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

^a All predictive variables were mutually adjusted in the model