TABLE 2.
Comparison of the characteristics between CPE carriers who developed and did not develop CPE infectiona,b
| Variables | CPE carriers with CPE infection (n = 66) | CPE carriers without CPE infection (n = 208) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs), median (IQR) | 61.0 (48.8 to 75.0) | 67.0 (56.0 to 76.0) | 0.11 |
| Sex, female | 45 (68.2) | 126 (60.6) | 0.27 |
| BMI mean (IQR) (kg/m²) | 26.0 (21.7 to 30.5) | 25.8 (22.3) | 0.86 |
| Smoking | 13 (19.7) | 47 (22.6) | 0.62 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 23 (34.8) | 73 (35.1) | 0.97 |
| HTA | 37 (56.1) | 123 (59.1) | 0.66 |
| Prior cardiac disease | 17 (25.8) | 55 (26.4) | 0.91 |
| Prior respiratory disease | 8 (12.1) | 37 (17.8) | 0.23 |
| Prior neurological disease | 7 (10.6) | 47 (22.6) | 0.03 |
| Cirrhosis | 6 (9.1) | 14 (6.8) | 0.53 |
| Chronic kidney failure Including moderate to severe |
20 (30.3) 15 (75.0) |
68 (32.7) 60 (88.2) |
0.72 |
| Hemodialysis | 3 (4.5) | 12 (5.8) | 1.00 |
| Hematologic malignancies | 9 (13.6) | 18 (8.7) | 0.24 |
| Allogenic or autologous blood stem cell transplantation | 4 (6.1) | 5 (2.4) | 0.15 |
| Solid tumor Including digestive tumor |
13 (19.7) 9 (13.6) |
33 (15.9) 19 (9.1) |
0.47 |
| Urological history excluding urinary catheter | 4 (6.1) | 13 (6.2) | 0.96 |
| Solid organ transplantation Liver Kidney |
8 (12.1) 7 (87.5) 1 (12.5) |
23 (11.1) 10 (43.5) 11 (47.8) |
0.81 |
| Chronic inflammatory disease | 4 (6.1) | 14 (6.7) | 0.85 |
| Systemic steroids use | 9 (13.6) | 10 (4.8) | 0.01 |
| Other immune defects | 2 (3.0) | 3 (1.4) | 0.40 |
| Charlson comorbidity index. mean ± SD | 4.00 (2.25, 6.00) | 4.00 (2.50, 6.00) | 0.51 |
| ≥4 comorbidities | 26 (39.3) | 70 (33.7) | 0.39 |
| Hospital stay in the previous 6 mo | 60 (92.3) | 192 (94.6) | 0.50 |
| Duration of hospitalization, days, mean (1st and 3rd quartiles) | 23.00 (11.00, 44.50) | 24.50 (13.25, 41.75) | 0.89 |
| ICU stay in the previous 6 mo Length of stay in ICU, days, mean (IQR) |
30 (47.6) 23.00 (11.00, 44.50) |
96 (48.2) 24.50 (13.25, 41.75) |
0.93 0.89 |
| Diagnosis of carriage in ICU | 26 (39.4) | 53 (25.5) | 0.03 |
| ICU stay | 11 (22.9) | 28 (42.4) | 0.03 |
| Surgery in the past 3 mo Including abdominal surgery |
22 (33.3) 8 (36.3) |
56 (28.0) 38 (67.9) |
0.41 0.72 |
| Bacteraemia in the past mo Including Gram-negative bacteria |
15 (22.7) 8 (53.3) |
20 (9.8) 11 (55.0) |
0.01 |
| Travel abroad in the past yr | 14 (21.2) | 37 (18.2) | 0.59 |
| Antibiotics in the previous 6 mo Including carbapenems in the previous 6 mo |
50 (79.4) 10 (20.0) |
140 (73.7) 26 (18.6) |
0.37 0.82 |
| Mean no. of days of antibiotics in the previous 6 mo ± SD | |||
| Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Piperacillin-tazobactam Carbapenems Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime Ceftazidime Cefepime Aminoglycoside Fluoroquinolone Glycopeptides/Lipopeptides Linezolid Systemic antifungal |
1.7 ± 3.8 5.7 ± 8.3 2.1 ± 5.9 4.1 ± 7.2 0.7 ± 3.9 0.2 ± 1.3 0.6 ± 2.1 2.6 ± 5.8 3.1 ± 7.5 2.6 ± 5.2 2.3 ± 6.9 |
1.5 ± 3.2 4.6 ± 6.9 1.8 ± 6.3 3.3 ± 6.2 0.7 ± 3.0 0.4 ± 2.7 0.7 ± 2.0 2.3 ± 5.2 3.2 ± 7.6 2.0 ± 5.1 2.2 ± 6.3 |
0.86 0.47 0.67 0.78 0.81 0.57 0.24 0.44 0.91 0.11 0.85 |
| 3GCR Enterobacteriaceae carriage | 10 (15.2) | 40 (19.5) | 0.43 |
| CPE carriage diagnosis before changes in screening methods | 17 (25.8) | 34 (16.3) | 0.087 |
a
3GCR, third-generation cephalosporin resistant; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range.
b
Data are in n (%), unless stated otherwise.