Table 6. Efficacy of self-managed PA protocols (smPA) in reducing CRF compared to the control treatment (when available) and the baseline values.

Results are reported and split by study design. Both raw data and percentages computed over the total (n = 65) are presented.

Study results	Number of interventions, n = 65 (% of the studies over the total)
Randomized controlled trial (n = 44)
Effective treatment *,†	21 (32%)
Effective treatment †	11 (17%)
Ineffective treatment	12 (19%)
Single-arm trial (n = 10)
Effective treatment †	6 (9%)
Ineffective treatment	4 (6%)
Pilot study (n = 9)
Effective treatment *,†	2 (3%)
Effective treatment †	3 (5%)
Ineffective treatment	4 (6%)
Non-randomized trial (n = 2)
Effective treatment *,†	1 (1.5%)
Ineffective treatment	1 (1.5%)

* Statistically significant between-groups difference (compared to control group): the effect of self-managed PA is greater than that of the control treatment;

^† statistically significant reduction of CRF over time in the intervention group (compared to baseline values): the effect of smPA is equal to that of the control treatment.