Table 2.

CDIV Complications adjusted for frailty, surgical-induced operative stress and insurance type.

	CDIV Complications
	aOR (95% CI)	P value
RAI (Ref = Normal 21–29)
Robust (≤20)	0.46 (0.37–0.57)	<.001
Frail (30–39)	1.31 (0.99–1.74)	.06
Very Frail (≥40)	1.36 (0.80–2.23)	.23
OSS (Ref = OSS3)
OSS1–2*	0.77 (0.60–0.98)	.04
OSS4	1.63 (1.30–2.04)	<.001
OSS5	1.67 (1.05–2.58)	.02
Insurance (Ref = Private)
Medicare	1.55 (1.16–2.09)	.003
Medicaid/Uninsured	1.41 (1.10–1.82)	.008

aOR = adjusted odds ratio, CDIV = Clavien-Dindo Level IV, 95% CI = 95% confidence interval, OSS = operative stress score, RAI = risk analysis index, Ref = reference value.

^*OSS1 and OSS2 (very low and low stress surgeries) were combined due to small sample size of OSS1 procedures.

OSS3 moderate stress, OSS4 high stress and OSS5 very high stress.