Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Variables | Healthy controls | JSLE | JIA |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 303 | 144 | 160 |
| Age, years, mean ± SDa | 9.47 ± 3.68 | 12.24 ± 2.56 | 9.97 ± 3.58 |
| Sex (male/female) | 170/133 | 16/129 | 89/72 |
| Disease duration (yr)† | - | 1.83 (0.58–3.17) | 1.00 (0.50–3.00) |
| Vitamin D (ng/mL)† | 17.60 (12.98–24.80) | 21.30 (15.65–28.05) | 24.30 (18.58–28.58) |
| ANA (N [%]) | - | 131 (90.97%) | 23 (14.38%) |
| Lupus nephritis (N [%]) | - | 64 (44.44%) | - |
| Rheumatoid factor (N [%]) | - | - | 24 (15%) |
| ACPA positive (N [%]) | - | - | 18 (11.25%) |
| HLA-B27 (N [%]) | - | 29 (18.13%) | |
| Systemic disease/Polyarthritis/Oligoarthritis (N [%]) | - | - | 34 (21.2%)/38(23.8%)/32(20%) |
| ESR (mm/h)† | - | 9.00 (4.00–18.00) | 13.00 (2.00–27.50) |
| Serum Complement C3 (g/L)† | - | 0.74 (0.62–0.90) | 1.08 (0.94–1.35) |
| Serum Complement C4 (g/L)† | - | 0.14 (0.10–0.18) | 0.22 (0.18–0.29) |
ACPA = anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, ANA = anti-nuclear antibodies, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HLA-B27 = human leukocyte antigen B27, JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis, JSLE = juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, SD = standard deviation.
a
Data with normal distribution expressed as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation (SD).
†
Data with skew distribution were expressed as median (interquartile range).