Table 8.

Diastolic blood pressure and its subgroup outcomes.

Outcomes	Risk of bias	Inconsistency	Indirectness	Imprecision	Other considerations	Quality of evidence
DBP	Serious*	No serious	No serious	No serious	None	⊕⊕⊕◯ MODERATE
Subgroup of DBP
Dynamic monitoring time
Daytime	Serious*	Serious‡	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW
Evening	Serious*	Serious‡	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW
Blood pressure range
Hypertension	Serious*	No serious	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕◯◯ LOW
Pre-hypertension	Serious*	No serious	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕◯◯ LOW
Exercise frequency
<3 times	No serious	No serious	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕⊕◯ MODERATE
≥3 times	Serious*	Serious‡	No serious	No serious	None	⊕⊕◯◯ LOW
≥5 times	Serious*	No serious	no serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕◯◯ LOW
Training cycle
<8 wk	No serious	No serious	no serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕⊕◯ MODERATE
≥8 wk	Serious*	No serious	No serious	No serious	None	⊕⊕⊕◯ MODERATE
≥12 wk	Serious*	No serious	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕⊕◯◯ LOW
≥16 wk	Serious*	Serious‡	No serious	Serious†	None	⊕◯◯◯ VERY LOW

GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.

High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect.

Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect.

DBP = diastolic blood pressure.

^*Incomplete outcome data.

^†The sample size is small.

^‡Results were highly heterogeneous across included studies.