Table 2.
Measurements of circulating IL-6, MMP-9, TNF-α, CRP, and S100β levels at different time points.
| Trials | IL-6 (pg/mL) | MMP-9 (ng/mL) | TNF-α (ug/mL) | S100β (pg/mL) | CRP (ug/L) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | T | C | |
| Wang, 2021 | NA | NA | NA | 64.63 ± 19.72a 168.22 ± 28.28c* | 64.90 ± 14.98 205.86 ± 21.04 | NA | ||||
| Chang, 2021 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 10.6 ± 16.5a | 9.1 ± 14.9 | ||||
| 70.7 ± 7.9f* | 85.6 ± 22.9 | |||||||||
| 91.7 ± 11.7h* | 102.9 ± 7.6 | |||||||||
| 39.7 ± 10.3i* | 64.9 ± 9.0 | |||||||||
| Tan, 2017 | NA | NA | NA | 129.4 ± 22.8a | 126.7 ± 19.1 | NA | ||||
| 161.5 ± 23.3h* | 175.2 ± 26.8 | |||||||||
| 136.7 ± 25.6j | 141.4 ± 23.5 | |||||||||
| Liu, 2019 | NA | NA | NA | 150 ± 50a | 140 ± 50 | NA | ||||
| 3070 ± 1260d* | 5270 ± 1350 | |||||||||
| 2270 ± 1170e* | 4860 ± 1630 | |||||||||
| 1070 ± 930f* | 3360 ± 1460 | |||||||||
| 970 ± 270g* | 2640 ± 660 | |||||||||
| Gao et al, 2018 | 35400000 ± 2900000a | 35900000 ± 2700000 | 3.0 ± 0.6a | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 19.9 ± 0.9a | 19.7 ± 0.8 | 52.8 ± 8.9a | 51.5 ± 6.3 | NA | |
| 52400000 ± 6600000b* | 56700000 ± 6500000 | 3.3 ± 0.7b | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 26.7 ± 5.7b* | 30.4 ± 5.6 | 59.9 ± 10.2b | 60.8 ± 7.5 | |||
| 58800000 ± 6100000c* | 62100000 ± 6700000 | 3.7 ± 0.7c* | 4.1 ± 0.6* | 33.4 ± 6.3c* | 38.4 ± 7.1 | 83.2 ± 12.5c* | 90.2 ± 13.1 | |||
| Zhang, 2021 | 32.96 ± 9.80a | 32.05 ± 12.40 | 5.75 ± 3.29a | 4.88 ± 2.29 | NA | 23.27 ± 5.6a | 24.50 ± 3.68 | 53540 ± 21660a | 56020 ± 25800 | |
| 56.78 ± 19.11c | 81.46 ± 21.41 | 5.81 ± 0.83c | 6.11 ± 2.80 | 52.46 ± 23.20c | 63.96 ± 10.23 | 74700 ± 8350c | 87070 ± 26870 | |||
| 74.16 ± 12.92f | 97.27 ± 14.11 | 7.22 ± 2.58f | 7.30 ± 0.78 | 56.60 ± 8.93f | 69.61 ± 12.69 | 97030 ± 9740f | 111160 ± 23400 | |||
C = control group, CRP = C-reactive protein, IL-6 = interleukin-6, MMP-9 = Matrix metalloproteinase-9, S100β = S100 calcium-binding protein β, TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-alpha, T = TEAS group.
*
Compared with the Control group, P < .05; NA: not available.
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i
: indicate preoperative, 30 minutes after skin incision, immediate postoperative period, 1 hour after surgery, 12 hours after surgery, 24 hours after surgery, 48 hours after surgery, 72 hours after surgery, 5 days after surgery, and 7 days after surgery, respectively.