Table 2.
Factors associated with the presence of nonobese NAFLD in the HOMA-IR >1 group.
| HOMA − IR > 1 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model variables | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | |
| Male | 1.261 (0.801-1.987) | 0.317 | — | — | — | — |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18-30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 31-40 | 1.064 (0.567-1.994) | 0.847 | 1.064 (0.567-1.994) | 0.847 | 1.118 (0.425-2.938) | 0.821 |
| 41-50 | 1.715 (0.903-3.256) | 0.099 | 1.715 (0.903-3.256) | 0.099 | 2.492 (0.919-6.759) | 0.073 |
| >50 | 2.082 (1.105-3.923) | 0.023 | 2.082 (1.105-3.923) | 0.023 | 3.253 (1.224-8.647) | 0.018 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| 18.5-22.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 23.0-24.9 | 6.687 (4.198-10.653) | <0.001 | 6.687 (4.198-10.653) | <0.001 | 5.532 (2.830-10.813) | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||||
| ≤17 | 1.00 | — | — | |||
| >17 | 4.143 (2.616-6.561) | <0.001 | 4.525 (2.811-7.285) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||||
| ≤18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >18 | 2.248 (2.085-5.060) | <0.001 | 3.458 (2.194-5.451) | <0.001 | 2.326 (1.192-4.539) | 0.013 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤4.71 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | |
| >4.71 | 1.266 (0.831-1.926) | 0.272 | — | — | — | — |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≥1.36 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| <1.36 | 1.982 (1.293-3.036) | 0.002 | 1.982 (1.293-3.036) | 0.002 | — | — |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤0.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >0.9 | 5.805 (3.582-9.408) | <0.001 | 6.017 (3.677-9.846) | <0.001 | 6.069 (2.899-12.708) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤2.65 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| >2.65 | 1.620 (1.062-2.470) | 0.025 | 1.636 (1.066-2.510) | 0.024 | — | — |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤5.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >5.25 | 6.860 (4.288-10.976) | <0.001 | 7.400 (4.555-12.022) | <0.001 | 2.953 (1.376-6.339) | <0.001 |
| Homeostasis model assessment-beta (%) | ||||||
| ≤5.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >5.5 | 6.985 (4.374-11.156) | <0.001 | 6.985 (4.374-11.156) | <0.001 | 5.434 (2.765-10.682) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uIU/mL) | ||||||
| ≤3.89 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >3.89 | 5.127 (3.262-8.059) | <0.001 | 5.280 (3.328-8.378) | <0.001 | 2.890 (1.492-5.598) | 0.002 |
| Homeostasis model assessment-beta (%) | ||||||
| ≥47.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| <47.1 | 9.870 (5.532-17.612) | <0.001 | 12.194 (6.643-22.381) | <0.001 | 7.460 (3.051-18.238) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; †: the presence or absence of NAFLD was the dependent variable. Model 1: not adjusted for any confounding factors. Model 2: adjusted for gender and age. Model 3: adjusted for variables included in the model such as gender; age (years) 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and >50; BMI (kg/m2) 23.0 to 24.9; ALT > 17 U/L; AST > 18 U/L; TC > 4.71 mmol/L; HDL − c < 1.36 mmol/L; TG > 0.9 mmol/L; LDL − c > 2.65 mmol/L; GLU > 5.25 mmol/L; HbA1C > 5.5%; and HOMA − β < 47.1%.