Table 3.
Factors associated with the presence of nonobese NAFLD in the HOMA − IR ≤ 1 group.
| HOMA − IR ≤ 1 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| Male | 1.431 (1.066-1.920) | 0.017 | 1.525 (1.124-2.071) | 0.007 | — | — |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18-30 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 31-40 | 1.014 (0.668-1.620) | 0.860 | 1.076 (0.689-1.678) | 0.748 | 1.539 (0.871-2.717) | 0.138 |
| 41-50 | 2.684 (1.753-4.108) | <0.001 | 2.748 (1.791-4.216) | <0.001 | 2.993 (1.744-5.137) | <0.001 |
| >50 | 3.104 (2.035-4.736) | <0.001 | 3.270 (2.135-5.008) | <0.001 | 3.086 (1.810-5.261) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| 18.5-22.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 23.0-24.9 | 5.199 (3.861-7.002) | <0.001 | 4.996 (3.682-6.777) | <0.001 | 4.522 (3.104-6.588) | <0.001 |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||||
| ≤17 | 1.00 | — | — | |||
| >17 | 4.174 (3.076-5.665) | <0.001 | 4.044 (2.955-5.535) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||||
| ≤18 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >18 | 2.647 (1.995-3.512) | <0.001 | 2.553 (1.903-3.425) | <0.001 | 1.778 (1.231-2.569) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤4.71 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | |
| >4.71 | 1.287 (0.984-1.683) | 0.065 | — | — | — | — |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≥1.36 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| <1.36 | 1.503 (1.148-1.969) | 0.003 | 1.445 (1.087-1.921) | <0.001 | — | — |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤0.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >0.9 | 4.702 (3.431-6.443) | <0.001 | 4.783 (3.452-6.627) | <0.001 | 3.423 (2.429-4.823) | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤2.65 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | |
| >2.65 | 1.297 (0.991-1.696) | 0.058 | — | — | — | — |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||||
| ≤5.25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >5.25 | 6.893 (5.109-9.299) | <0.001 | 6.798 (4.982-9.276) | <0.001 | 7.168 (4.935-10.409) | <0.001 |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | ||||||
| ≤5.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| >5.5 | 4.922 (3.669-6.602) | <0.001 | 4.691 (3.467-6.348) | <0.001 | 4.757 (2.601-5.429) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (uIU/mL) | ||||||
| ≤3.89 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | |
| >3.89 | 0.913 (0.604-1.380) | 0.665 | — | — | — | — |
| Homeostasis model assessment-beta (%) | ||||||
| ≥47.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | — | |||
| <47.1 | 4.386 (3.160-6.089) | <0.001 | 4.261 (3.039-5.974) | <0.001 | — | — |
Abbreviations: 95% CI: 95% confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; †: the presence or absence of NAFLD was the dependent variable. Model 1: not adjusted for any confounding factors. Model 2: adjusted for gender and age. Model 3: adjusted for variables included in the model such as gender; age (years) 31 to 40, 41 to 50, and >50; BMI (kg/m2) 23.0 to 24.9; ALT > 17 U/L; AST > 18 U/L; TC > 4.71 mmol/L; HDL − c < 1.36 mmol/L; TG > 0.9 mmol/L; LDL − c > 2.65 mmol/L; GLU > 5.25 mmol/L; HbA1C > 5.5%; and HOMA − β < 47.1%.