Table 1.

Functional heterogeneity of cancer-associated fibroblasts in distinct tumor types

Cancer types	CAF subtypes	Characteristic markers	Functions	References
BC	CD10+/GPR77+ CAFs	CD10, GPR77	Chemoresistance, proliferation, migration	[34]
	dCAFs	SCRG1, SOX9, SOX10, etc.		[86]
	mCAFs	Fibulin-1, PDGFRα		[86]
	vCAFs/cCAFs	Nidogen-2	Angiogenesis	[86]
CRC	CAF-A	MMP2, DCN, COL1A2, PDPN, FAP		[88]
	CAF-B	ACTA2, TAGLN, PDGFA, LUM		[88]
OSCC	CAF-D	TGF-β1	Invasion, EMT	[90]
	CAF-N	Hyaluronan	Invasion	[90]
PDAC	apCAFsa	H2-Aa, H2-Ab1, Cd74, Saa3, Slpi	Antigen-present, Immunosuppression	[20,58,59]
	iCAFsa,b	IL6, IL8, PDGFRA, CFD, PLA2G2A, HAS1, CXCL2, CCL2, CLU, EMP1, LMNA	Immunosuppression, chemoresistance	[17,20,91]
	myCAFs a,b	ACTA2, TAGLN, MMP11, MYL9, HOPX, POSTN, TPM1, TPM2	Proliferation, migration, invasion, ECM remodeling	[17,20,91,92]
	meCAFs	Highly active glycolysis	Higher risk of metastasis and poor prognosis but better response to immunotherapy	[93]
	NetG1+CAFs	Netrin G1	Nutritional support (glutamate/glutamine metabolism), immunosuppression	[74]
PDAC/Oral/CRC/Bladder cancers	rCAFs	Meflin, BMP-4, Hedgehog, IKKβ	Antitumoral effect	[21-23,94-98]

BC: Breast cancer; CRC: colorectal cancer; OSCC: oral squamous cell carcinoma; PDAC: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; ECM: extracellular matrix. ^aThis is also found in BC; ^bthis is also found in CRC.