Table 6.
Age at diagnosis of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders among children born with craniofacial anomalies.
| Craniofacial anomalies and subtypes (n) | Intellectual disability | Autism spectrum disorder | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age at diagnosis in years median (IQR) |
n | Age at diagnosis in years median (IQR) |
|
| Craniofacial anomalies (1415) | 134 | 3.5 (1, 7) | 11 | 4 (2, 5) |
| Non-syndromic (878) | 23 | 5 (4, 10) | ≤5 | 4 (2, 10) |
| Syndromic (543) | 111 | 3 (1, 7) | 8 | 4 (2.5, 4.5) |
| Contributing diagnosis | ||||
| Orofacial clefts (1029) | 89 | 3 (1, 7) | 6 | 4 (3, 5) |
| Non-syndromic (673) | 18 | 5.5 (4, 8) | — | |
| Syndromic (361) | 71 | 3 (1, 7) | 6 | 4 (3, 5) |
| Craniosynostosis (303) | 34 | 4 (2, 9) | ≤5 | 4 (2, 4) |
| Non-syndromic (201) | ≤5 | 10 (3, 17) | ≤5 | 4 (2, 10) |
| Syndromic (101) | 29 | 3.5 (1, 8) | ≤5 | 2.5 (1, 4) |
| Craniofacial microsomia (76) | 10 | 4.5 (3, 7) | — | |
| Contributing syndromes | ||||
| Crouzon syndrome (15) | ≤5 | 9 (5.5, 12.5) | 0 | — |
| CFM (Goldenhar syndrome) (61) | 9 | 4 (3, 7) | 0 | — |
| Pierre Robin sequence (106) | 16 | 7 (2, 9.5) | 0 | — |
CFM Craniofacial microsomia