Table 3.

Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), homocysteine and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) among the studied groups.

Biomarkers	Mean ± SD	ANOVA test and P value	Post hoc P value
ADMA (μmol/l)			P1 < 0.001**
Valproate-treated patients	4.40 ± 0.75	Test = 630.41	P2 < 0.001**
Levatiracetam-treated patients	5.56 ± 0.61	P value < 0.001**	P3 < 0.001**
Multidrug-treated patients	5.78 ± 0.62		P4 = 0.06
Controls	1.27 ± 0.35		P5 < 0.001**
			P6 < 0.001**
Homocysteine (μmol/l)			P1 = 0.28
Valproate-treated patients	9.2 ± 1.7	Test = 32.01	P2 = 0.002*
Levatiracetam-treated patients	8.7 ± 2.1	P value < 0.001**	P3 < 0.001**
Multidrug-treated patients	10.5 ± 3.3		P4 < 0.001**
Controls	6.4 ± 1.2		P5 < 0.001**
			P6 < 0.001**
CIMT (mm)			P1 < 0.001**
Valproate-treated patients	0.33 ± 0.02	Test = 42.88	P2 < 0.001**
Levatiracetam-treated patients	0.32 ± 0.01	P value < 0.001**	P3 < 0.001**
Multidrug-treated patients	0.35 ± 0.02		P4 < 0.001**
Controls	0.31 ± 0.02		P5 = 0.09
			P6 < 0.001**

P1: valproate-treated patients versus levatiracetam-treated patients; P2: valproate-treated patients versus multidrug-treated patients; P3: valproate-treated patients versus controls; P4: levatiracetam-treated patients versus multidrug-treated patients; P5: levatiracetam-treated patients versus controls; P6: multidrug-treated patients versus controls.

**Highly significant difference.