Table 3.
Cytokines (measurements in pg/ml) in children DS/CHD and CHD in comparison to controls in the pre-operative period.
| Cytokine | Control | Pre-op | Post-op | Pre-discharge | *p value | **p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DS/CHD | CHD | DS/CHD | CHD | DS/CHD | CHD | ||||
| Epo | 103 (84.4–379.4) | 171.7 (59.4–16551) | 114.8 (29.3–365.6) | 931.6 (52.3–25496) | 524.2 (84.8–3648) | 131.3 (44.7–824.1) | 117.3 (33.5–3614.7) | 0.04 | 0.43 |
| VEGF | 140.9 (17–443.4) | 0.001 (0.001–5.5) | 143.3 (63.9–1517) | 0.001 (0.001–0.001) | 114 (51.9–595.2) | 488.8 (97.3–2704.8) | 269.8 (64.7–2534.8) | 0.002 | 0.38 |
| GMCSF | 1.12 (0.2–2.5) | 2.6 (1.1–13.8) | 0.8 (0.2–22.4) | 2.1 (1.1–4.3) | 0.5 (0.3–82.8) | 1.6 (0.8–66.3) | 1.8 (1.0–82.9) | 0.0006 | 0.09 |
| IL-1a | 0.001 (0.001–11.2) | 0.001 (0.001–36.6) | 1.0 (0.001–586.8) | 0.001 (0.001–30.6) | 0.001 (0.001–132.3) | 0.001 (0.001–26.4) | 0.001 (0.001–297.3) | 0.36 | 0.14 |
| IL-1b | 0.10 (0.1–0.7) | 0.001 (0.001–0.001) | 0.01 (0.1–1.0) | 0.001 (0.001–0.2) | 0.4 (0.2–24) | 0.3 (0–0.9) | 0.3 (0.1–4.3) | 0.01 | 0.39 |
| IL-1ra | 568.6 (355.5–827.8) | 618.8 (236.8–2301) | 544.8 (255–4876) | 4630 (624.3–10,518.1) | 3197 (627.3–11,196) | 855.1 (355.5–2284.1) | 851.6 (263.5–3449.4) | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| IL-2 | 0.001 (0.001–0.1) | 1.2 (0.001–2.5) | 0.001 (0.001–1.2) | 0.9 (0.001–3.3) | 0.001 (0.001–8.8) | 0.001 (0.001–8.0) | 0.001 (0.001–6.4) | 5.6 | 0.13 |
| IL-6 | 1.0 (0.1–13.7) | 0.001 (0.001–0.8) | 1.1 (0.3–35.5) | 0.001 (0.001–0.8) | 74.6 (1.3–546.4) | 11.3 (2.4–43.4) | 9.6 (0.8–32.5) | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| IL-8 | 15.4 (0.03–38.8) | 0.001 (0.001–0.3) | 13.2 (3.5–51.7) | 0.001 (0.001–0.6) | 36.6 (0.6–155.6) | 29.9 (4.7–153.6) | 35.5 (11.1–122) | 0.001 | 0.28 |
| IL-10 | 2.5 (0.7–3.8) | 0.001 (0.001–0.2) | 1.7 (0.4–30.3) | 0.001 (0.001–0.001) | 3.1 (0.2–40.7) | 2.7 (0.6–21.2) | 1.6 (0.7–38.3) | 0.0003 | 0.18 |
| IL-18 | 1218 (614–1684) | 798 (246.9–2419) | 734.4 (95.9–3064) | 919.3 (279–1852) | 837.3 (383.6–1992.8) | 746.2 (159.6–1672.5) | 573.5 (173.2–1794.1) | 0.67 | 0.13 |
| TNF-a | 8.6 (6.4–13.6) | 10.7 (2.2–16) | 7.2 (3.2–35.3) | 7.9 (5.0–14.5) | 3.9 (2.1–44) | 5.4 (2.1–27.1) | 5.5 (4.5–17.1) | 0.07 | 0.47 |
| TNF-b | 0.6 (0.1–1.8) | 0.2 (0.02–0.9) | 0.4 (0.1–3.6) | 0.04 (0.001–1.0) | 0.01 (0.001–0.7) | 0.4 (0.001–2.5) | 0.5 (0.3–2.3) | 0.01 | 0.16 |
| IFN-g | 142 (4.5–537.7) | 0.001 (0.001–17.6) | 67.4 (22.2–2196) | 0.001 (0.001–2.6) | 29.8 (18.8–531.8) | 54.7 (11.1–490.7) | 88.1 (26–267.7) | 0.01 | 0.48 |
Values are presented as median [interquartile range (IQR)] or count (%) as appropriate.
p Value of <0.05 was considered significant (*p value compared DS/CHD to Controls; **p value compared CHD to Controls). Value 0.00 given as ×10−3.