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. 2022 Dec 8;4(12):1674–1683. doi: 10.1038/s42255-022-00697-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 5 — (a) Representative pictures and weight of vWAT and vWAT weight of NI- and day-6-post SC-infected mice (n = 6 samples per group). (b) Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of vWAT of NI- and day-6-post SC-infected mice by staining with H&E, Perilipin (PERI), UCP1 and COX4. Quantification of UCP1 and COX4 positive signals in vWAT (n = 8 random fields per group). (c, d, e) Quantification of Ucp1, Cox4, Cox7a, Cox8b, Cidea, Prdm16, Car9, Hif1a and Vegf mRNA level (n = 8 samples per group); UCP1, COX4, HIF1α and CA9 protein level in vWAT of NI- and day-6-post SC-infected (n = 6 samples per group). (f) CD31 and Ki67 staining and quantification of microvessels in vWAT of NI- or day-6-post SC-infected mice (n = 8 random fields per group). (g) Representative pictures of vWAT and vWAT weight of NIIgG- and anti-VEGF-treated NI- or day-6-post SC-infected mice (n = 8 samples per group). (h) Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of vWAT of NIIgG- and anti-VEGF-treated NI- or day-6-post SC-infected mice by staining with H&E, Perilipin (PERI), UCP1 and COX4. Quantifications of UCP1 and COX4 positive signals in vWAT (n = 8 random fields per group). (i, j, k) Quantification of Ucp1, Cox4, Cox7a, Cox8b, Cidea, Prdm16, Car9, Hif1a and Vegf mRNA levels in vWAT of NIIgG- and anti-VEGF-treated NI- or day-6-post SC-infected mice (n = 6 samples per group). (l) CD31 and Ki67 double staining and quantification of microvessels in vWAT of NIIgG- and anti-VEGF-treated NI- or day-6-post SC-infected mice (n = 8 random fields per group). (m) Quantification of Ucp1 and Cox4 mRNA levels in vWAT of SC-infected mice at various time points (n = 4 samples per group). (n) Histological and immunohistochemical analyses of vWAT in SC-infected mice at various time points by staining with H&E, perilipin (PERI), UCP1 and COX4. UCP1⁺ and COX4⁺ signals were quantified (n = 8 random fields per group). Data are presented as means ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple-comparison test and two-sided unpaired t-tests. NS = not significant. NI = non-infected. SC = SARS-CoV-2. Scale bar = 50 μm.

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