TABLE 4.

Associations between good/excellent nurse-reported quality of care and individual, employment, and organizational characteristics (bivariate analysis)

Variable	Raw OR [95% CI]	Raw p Value
Individual characteristics
Gender: Male (ref = female)	0.91 [0.51, 1.61]	.7390
Age (ref = 21–30)		.1210
31–40	0.71 [0.44, 1.13]	.1510
41–50	1.11 [0.64, 1.93]	.7130
>50	1.31 [0.80, 2.14]	.2870
Race (ref = White)		.0053
Black or African American	0.59 [0.35, 1.00]	.0487
Other	0.41 [0.22, 0.76]	.0046
Education (ref = Diploma/Associate)		.0216
Undergraduate	1.19 [0.79, 1.78]	.4057
Graduate (Master or Doctorate)	0.57 [0.32, 1.00]	.0486
Employment characteristics
Years worked as a registered nurse	1.02 [1.01, 1.04]	.0114
Years worked in present hospital	1.02 [1.00, 1.05]	.0572
Years worked on current unit	1.03 [1.00, 1.06]	.0390
Unit (ref = intensive care unit)		.0071
Medical	0.44 [0.23, 0.82]	.0093
Surgical	0.64 [0.31, 1.29]	.2117
Med/surgical	0.50 [0.31, 0.78]	.0027
Obstetrics	1.18 [0.56, 2.50]	.6614
Operating room/recovery room	7.10 [0.95, 53.22]	.0565
Pediatrics	1.33 [0.38, 4.69]	.6609
Psychiatry	0.54 [0.21, 1.43]	.2145
Rehabilitation	0.64 [0.17, 2.39]	.5022
Shift type (ref= day)		.2510
Evening/night	1.12 [0.76, 1.65]	.5660
Combination (day/night)	0.60 [0.30, 1.21]	.1550
Hours/week	0.98 [0.96, 1.00]	.1090
Overtime/week	0.98 [0.96, 1.00]	.0240
Organizational characteristics
Region (ref = North)		.4793
West	0.48 [0.14, 1.63]	.2410
Southern	0.64 [0.26, 1.57]	.3260
East	0.94 [0.42, 2.10]	.8820
Southeast	1.10 [0.46, 2.62]	.8360
Rurality: Rural (ref = urban)	2.73 [0.91, 8.19]	.0732
Nurse-reported workplace bullying
Bully status bullied (ref = not bullied)	0.32 [0.22, 0.47]	<.0001

Note: The p values were obtained from a simple random effect logistic regression with nurse-reported quality of care as dependent variable and hospital as random effect.