Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between baseline screen time and oppositional defiant disorder at one-year follow-up in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

	Oppositional defiant disorder, unadjusted		Oppositional defiant disorder, adjusteda
	Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)	p	Prevalence Ratio (95% CI)	p
Total screen time	1.08 (1.06–1.10)	≤0.001	1.05 (1.03–1.08)	<0.001
Television shows/movies	1.23 (1.15–1.31)	<0.001	1.17 (1.10–1.25)	<0.001
Videos (YouTube)	1.13 (1.06–1.21)	<0.001	1.05 (0.98–1.11)	0.163
Video games	1.25 (1.18–1.33)	<0.001	1.14 (1.07–1.21)	<0.001
Texting	1.19 (1.05–1.33)	0.005	1.19 (1.07–1.33)	0.002
Video chat	1.22 (1.08–1.39)	0.002	1.21 (1.06–1.37)	0.003
Social networking	1.04 (0.87–1.24)	0.662	0.99 (0.83–1.19)	0.938

The prevalence ratios in the cells represents abbreviated outputs from a series of modified Poisson regression models with oppositional defiant disorder as the dependent variable and screen time as the independent variable. Thus, the table represents the outputs from fourteen modified Poisson regression models in total. Estimates for the confounders are shown in the Supporting Information. The prevalence ratio is reported for each hour per day of screen time. Bold indicates p<0.05

^aConfounders: race/ethnicity, sex, household income, parent education, parent marital status, site, baseline oppositional defiant disorder symptoms, baseline major depressive disorder, and family history of psychopathology.