Table 1.
Baseline recipient and donor characteristics
| De Novo Heart Transplant (N=22,348) |
Durable LVAD BTT (N=11014) |
TAH-t BTT (N=392) |
P-value (TAH-t BTT vs. LVAD BTT) |
P-value (TAH-t BTT vs. De Novo) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient Characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 56 (46-63) | 56 (47-63) | 52 (39-59) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.3 (23.1-29.8) | 28.6 (25.2-32.3) | 26.6 (23.2-30.5) | <0.001 | 0.17 |
| Gender: Male | 70.0 (15640) | 80.3 (8844) | 85.5 (335) | 0.01 | <0.001 |
| Race | 0.57 | 0.48 | |||
| White | 66.7 (14903) | 64.2 (7066) | 64.3 (252) | ||
| Black | 19.6 (4381) | 24.7 (2725) | 22.7 (89) | ||
| Hispanic | 8.9 (1992) | 7.2 (797) | 8.2 (32) | ||
| Other | 4.8 (1072) | 3.9 (426) | 4.9 (19) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 26.4 (5899) | 31.8 (3502) | 21.9 (86) | <0.001 | 0.05 |
| Dialysis after listing | 3.8 (850) | 2.7 (301) | 24.7 (97) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.20 (0.96-1.50) | 1.20 (0.98-1.48) | 1.31 (0.97-1.82) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) | 0.60 (0.40-1.00) | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Diagnosis | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 35.5 (7938) | 38.0 (4189) | 26.5 (104) | ||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 45.0 (10055) | 57.1 (6284) | 51.3 (201) | ||
| Restrictive cardiomyopathy | 5.0 (1116) | 0.9 (102) | 26.1 (24) | ||
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 3.5 (782) | 0.8 (93) | 4.3 (17) | ||
| Congenital heart disease | 4.6 (1025) | 0.6 (68) | 2.6 (10) | ||
| Others | 6.4 (1432) | 2.5 (278) | 9.2 (36) | ||
| Waitlist time (days) | 50 (15-157) | 201 (72-447) | 120 (51-241) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Urgent status | 50.6 (11298) | 62.8 (6918) | 93.9 (368) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Heart re-transplant | 5.1 (1132) | 0.1 (14) | 7.4 (29) | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| Transfusion after listing | 8.8 (1966) | 37.1 (4091) | 55.4 (217) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Multiorgan transplant | 7.1 (1592) | 3.2 (353) | 16.6 (65) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Heart-kidney transplant | 5.8 (1298) | 3.1 (343) | 15.8 (62) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ECMO | 2.0 (447) | 0.3 (32) | 0.3 (1) | 0.99 | 0.01 |
| IABP | 15.6 (3493) | 0.6 (69) | 1.8 (7) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 1.9 (425) | 0.4 (46) | 3.1 (12) | <0.001 | 0.10 |
| Inotropic support | 56.0 (12522) | 7.2 (796) | 11.0 (43) | 0.005 | <0.001 |
| Pre-transplant condition | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| ICU | 44.1 (9848) | 8.3 (917) | 27.3 (107) | ||
| Hospitalized: non-ICU | 15.4 (3435) | 13.4 (1475) | 56.1 (220) | ||
| Home | 40.6 (9065) | 78.3 (8622) | 16.6 (65) | ||
| Functional status | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||
| Mild limitation | 11.9 (2662) | 19.4 (2196) | 3.1 (12) | ||
| Moderate limitation | 37.0 (8271) | 60.3 (6638) | 25.3 (99) | ||
| Severe limitation | 47.3 (10568) | 15.2 (1675) | 69.6 (273) | ||
| Unknown | 3.8 (847) | 4.6 (505) | 2.0 (8) | ||
| Donor Characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 30 (22-41) | 30 (23-39) | 28 (21-37) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Gender: male | 67.4 (15069) | 76.5 (8421) | 86.0 (337) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0 (23.0-30.9) | 26.9 (23.8-30.9) | 26.5 (23.2-30.1) | 0.03 | 0.34 |
| Gender mismatch | 27.0 (6035) | 19.9 (2187) | 18.9 (74) | 0.63 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4.1 (909) | 3.9 (428) | 2.0 (8) | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 14.9 (3319) | 15.1 (1660) | 11.5 (45) | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| Inotropic support at procurement | 45.2 (10078) | 41.7 (4587) | 43.4 (170) | 0.79 | 0.78 |
| Total ischemic time (hours) | 3.2 (2.5-3.8) | 3.2 (2.4-3.8) | 3.2 (2.5-3.9) | 0.17 | 0.35 |
| Predicted heart mass ratio (donor/recipient) | 1.02 (0.92-1.14) | 0.99 (0.90-1.10) | 1.00 (0.93-1.13) | 0.004 | 0.36 |
BTT: Bridge to Transplant; ECMO: Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; IABP: Intra-aortic Balloon Pump; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; LVAD: Left Ventricular Assist Device; TAH-t: Total Artificial Heart
Values are in % (n) or median (interquartile range)