Table 3.
Factors in relation to delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
| DCI | Non-DCI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male | 30 (46.2%) | 83 (43.2%) | 0.681 |
| Age (years) | 52.0 ± 10.6 | 50.8 ± 10.6 | 0.455 |
| Cigarette smoking | 22 (33.9%) | 61 (31.8%) | 0.757 |
| Alcohol drinking | 18 (27.7%) | 48 (25.0%) | 0.668 |
| Hypertension | 14 (21.5%) | 39 (20.3%) | 0.833 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 (13.9%) | 14 (7.3%) | 0.110 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 10 (15.4%) | 28 (14.6%) | 0.875 |
| Previous use of statins | 5 (7.7%) | 16 (8.3%) | 0.870 |
| Previous use of anticoagulation drugs | 3 (4.6%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0.850 |
| Previous use of antiplatelet drugs | 5 (7.7%) | 7 (3.7%) | 0.186 |
| Hunt-Hess scores | 4 (3–4) | 2.5 (2–3) | < 0.001 |
| Modified Fisher scores | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–2.5) | < 0.001 |
| Aneurysms located at anterior circulation | 52 (80.0%) | 155 (80.7%) | 0.898 |
| Cystic aneurysms | 51 (78.5%) | 164 (85.4%) | 0.190 |
| Aneurysms with diameter of < 10 mm | 36 (55.4%) | 117 (60.9%) | 0.430 |
| Surgical clipping for securing aneurysms | 19 (29.2%) | 77 (40.1%) | 0.117 |
| Acute hydrocephalus | 17 (26.2%) | 15 (7.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Intraventricular bleeding | 11 (16.9%) | 15 (7.8%) | 0.035 |
| External ventricular drain | 15 (23.1%) | 18 (9.4%) | 0.004 |
| Admission time after stroke (h) | 9.5 (4.9–13.7) | 10.8 (5.0–14.5) | 0.992 |
| Blood-collection time (h) | 11.2 (6.5–16.0) | 12.1 (6.6–16.5) | 0.955 |
| Blood glucose levels (mmol/L) | 12.3 (8.6–16.7) | 10.7 (8.5–12.9) | 0.035 |
| Blood leukocyte count ( × 109/L) | 8.1 (6.3–10.9) | 7.6 (6.1–10.6) | 0.568 |
| Serum HIF-1α levels >229.3 pg/ml | 60 (92.3%) | 99 (51.6%) | < 0.001 |
Variables were reported as count (proportion), mean ± standard deviation, or median (percentiles 25th−75th) where appropriate. Statistical methods included the student t-test, Mann–Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and χ2 test. DCI denotes delayed cerebral ischemia. HIF-1α means hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.