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. 2022 Dec 8;9:1082500. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082500

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The relationship between nutrition and the immune system. Macronutrients such as arginine and tryptophan are involved in cell proliferation and macrophages’ adequate activities. Micronutrients like Vitamin A and Zinc can promote cell proliferation; inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway; decrease the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); regulate the Th17 and Th9 cell differentiation; initiate the growth Treg cell population.