Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics among warfarin and direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users, before and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)a
| Patient characteristics |
Original Sample | IPTW sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warfarin (n=3,431) |
DOAC (n=4,244) |
SMD | Warfarin (n=3,407) |
DOAC (n=4,200) |
SMD | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||
| Age, mean ± sd | 77.1 ± 7.1 | 76.5 ± 6.8 | −0.091 | 76.7 ± 7.0 | 76.7 ± 6.9 | −0.002 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1,727 (50.3) | 2,253 (53.1) | 1,774 (52.1) | 2,183 (52.0) | ||
| Female | 1,704 (49.7) | 1,991 (46.9) | −0.055 | 1,633 (47.9) | 2,017 (48.0) | 0.002 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 3,005 (87.6) | 3,752 (88.4) | 0.025 | 2,991 (87.8) | 3,687 (87.8) | 0.00004 |
| Black | 238 (6.9) | 234 (5.5) | −0.059 | 217 (6.4) | 267 (6.4) | −0.0006 |
| Hispanic | 51 (1.5) | 41 (1.0) | −0.047 | 44 (1.3) | 53 (1.3) | −0.002 |
| Other | 137 (4.0) | 217 (5.1) | 0.054 | 155 (4.6) | 193 (4.6) | 0.002 |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Married | 1,742 (50.8) | 2,286 (53.9) | 0.062 | 1,779 (52.2) | 2,209 (52.6) | 0.008 |
| Other | 1,689 (49.2) | 1,958 (46.1) | 1,628 (47.8) | 1,991 (47.4) | ||
| Medicaid Eligibility | 842 (24.5) | 828 (19.5) | −0.122 | 747 (21.9) | 917 (21.8) | 0.008 |
| Census Region | ||||||
| West | 1,282 (37.4) | 1,639 (38.6) | 0.026 | 1,286 (37.7) | 1,596 (38.0) | 0.006 |
| Northeast | 737 (21.5) | 997 (23.5) | 0.048 | 767 (22.5) | 956 (22.8) | 0.006 |
| Midwest | 576 (16.8) | 459 (10.8) | −0.174 | 463 (13.6) | 559 (13.3) | −0.008 |
| South | 814 (23.7) | 1,104 (26.0) | 0.053 | 863 (25.3) | 1,053 (25.1) | −0.006 |
| Missing | 22 (0.6) | 45 (1.1) | 0.046 | 28 (0.8) | 36 (0.9) | 0.003 |
| Median household income per capita | ||||||
| 1st Quartile | 909 (26.5) | 955 (22.5) | −0.093 | 834 (24.5) | 1,015 (24.2) | −0.007 |
| 2nd Quartile | 930 (27.1) | 936 (22.1) | −0.118 | 839 (24.6) | 1,026 (24.4) | −0.005 |
| 3rd Quartile | 812 (23.7) | 1,051 (24.8) | 0.026 | 837 (24.6) | 1,026 (24.4) | −0.003 |
| 4th Quartile | 698 (20.3) | 1,166 (27.5) | 0.168 | 801 (23.5) | 1,015 (24.2) | 0.015 |
| Missing | 82 (2.4) | 136 (3.2) | 0.049 | 96 (2.8) | 119 (2.8) | 0.0007 |
| Cancer | ||||||
| Cancer Site | ||||||
| Bladder | 294 (8.6) | 365 (8.6) | 0.001 | 296 (8.7) | 363 (8.7) | −0.002 |
| Breast | 600 (17.5) | 906 (21.4) | 0.098 | 660 (19.4) | 831 (19.8) | 0.010 |
| Colorectal | 593 (17.3) | 521 (12.3) | −0.141 | 491 (14.4) | 588 (14.0) | −0.012 |
| Esophagus | 53 (1.5) | 58 (1.4) | −0.015 | 46 (1.3) | 56 (1.3) | −0.0006 |
| Kidney | 170 (5.0) | 204 (4.8) | −0.007 | 165 (4.9) | 205 (4.9) | 0.002 |
| Lung | 770 (22.4) | 712 (16.8) | −0.143 | 667 (19.6) | 811 (19.3) | −0.007 |
| Ovary | 79 (2.3) | 57 (1.3) | −0.072 | 58 (1.7) | 70 (1.7) | −0.003 |
| Pancreas | 97 (2.8) | 70 (1.7) | −0.080 | 77 (2.3) | 95 (2.3) | 0.0008 |
| Prostate | 591 (17.2) | 1,112 (26.2) | 0.219 | 752 (22.1) | 939 (22.4) | 0.007 |
| Stomach | 53 (1.5) | 68 (1.6) | 0.005 | 53 (1.6) | 66 (1.6) | 0.002 |
| Uterus | 131 (3.8) | 171 (4.0) | 0.011 | 142 (4.2) | 175 (4.2) | −0.00002 |
| Cancer Stage | ||||||
| Stage 0 | 295 (8.6) | 416 (9.8) | 0.042 | 314 (9.2) | 387 (9.2) | 0.00006 |
| Stage I | 1,058 (30.8) | 1,504 (35.4) | 0.098 | 1,144 (33.6) | 1,416 (33.7) | 0.003 |
| Stage II | 841 (24.5) | 1,195 (28.2) | 0.083 | 889 (26.1) | 1,109 (26.4) | 0.007 |
| Stage III | 551 (16.1) | 549 (12.9) | −0.089 | 488 (14.3) | 587 (14.0) | −0.010 |
| Stage IV | 502 (14.6) | 383 (9.0) | −0.174 | 402 (11.8) | 489 (11.6) | −0.005 |
| Unknown | 184 (5.4) | 197 (4.6) | −0.033 | 171 (5.0) | 212 (5.0) | 0.001 |
| Grade | ||||||
| Grade I | 386 (11.3) | 553 (13.0) | 0.055 | 411 (12.1) | 510 (12.1) | 0.002 |
| Grade II | 1,192 (34.7) | 1,604 (37.8) | 0.064 | 1,250 (36.7) | 1,539 (36.6) | −0.001 |
| Grade III | 949 (27.7) | 1,184 (27.9) | 0.005 | 945 (27.7) | 1,163 (27.7) | −0.001 |
| Grade IV | 172 (5.0) | 173 (4.1) | −0.045 | 153 (4.5) | 190 (4.5) | 0.002 |
| Cell type not determined | 732 (21.3) | 730 (17.2) | −0.105 | 648 (19.0) | 798 (19.0) | −0.001 |
| Tumor size | ||||||
| 0cm | 20 (0.68) | 26 (0.6) | 0.004 | 20 (0.6) | 24.1 (0.6) | −0.001 |
| 0.1 - 1cm | 239 (7.0) | 402 (9.5) | 0.091 | 272 (8.0) | 351 (8.4) | 0.014 |
| 1.1 - 2cm | 503 (14.7) | 627 (14.8) | 0.003 | 502 (14.8) | 617 (14.7) | −0.002 |
| 2.1 - 3cm | 427 (12.5) | 492 (11.6) | −0.026 | 417 (12.3) | 509 (12.1) | −0.004 |
| 3.1 - 4cm | 355 (10.4) | 375 (8.8) | −0.051 | 326 (9.6) | 400 (9.5) | −0.002 |
| 4.1 - 5cm | 263 (7.7) | 279 (6.6) | −0.042 | 238 (7.0) | 289 (6.9) | −0.004 |
| >5cm | 592 (17,3) | 526 (12.4) | −0.137 | 502 (14.7) | 603 (14.4) | −0.011 |
| Not Available/Site-specific codes | 1,032 (30.1) | 1,517 (35.7) | 0.121 | 1,129 (33.1) | 1,407 (33.5) | 0.007 |
| Receipt of chemotherapy | 1,000 (29.2) | 1,193 (28.1) | −0.023 | 981 (28.8) | 1,203 (28.7) | −0.003 |
| Active cancer | 1,272 (37.1) | 1,476 (34.8) | −0.048 | 1,253 (36.8) | 1,484 (35.3) | −0.030 |
| Comorbiditiesa | ||||||
| Anemia | 2,030 (59.2) | 1,969 (46.4) | −0.258 | 1,779 (52.2) | 2,183 (52.0) | −0.005 |
| Dementia | 274 (8.0) | 260 (6.1) | −0.073 | 235 (6.9) | 288 (6.9) | −0.002 |
| Liver disease | 600 (17.5) | 567 (13.4) | −0.114 | 528 (15.5) | 642 (15.3) | −0.006 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 169 (4.9) | 129 (3.0) | −0.097 | 132 (3.9) | 157 (3.7) | −0.008 |
| Prior major bleeding or predisposition to bleeding | 2,418 (70.5) | 2,568 (60.5) | −0.211 | 2,230 (65.5) | 2,728 (65.0) | −0.010 |
| Renal disease | 1,284 (37.4) | 1,243 (29.3) | −0.173 | 1,136 (33.3) | 1,388 (33.0) | −0.006 |
| Stroke, TIA, thromboembolism history | 1,742 (50.8) | 1,393 (32.8) | −0.370 | 1,401 (41.1) | 1,686 (40.2) | −0.020 |
| Vascular disease history | 1,471 (42.9) | 1,478 (34.8) | −0.166 | 1,316 (38.6) | 1,609 (38.3) | −0.006 |
| Co-medication usea | ||||||
| Antiplatelets | 850 (24.8) | 1,031 (24.3) | −0.011 | 853 (25.0) | 1,038 (24.7) | −0.008 |
| Heparin | 936 (27.3) | 428 (10.1) | −0.452 | 609 (17.9) | 715 (17.0) | −0.022 |
Abbreviations: SMD standardized mean difference
a
Comorbidities, frailty indicator, co-medications and health service use were used as covariates in logistic regression model to derive IPTW weights. The balance of these covariates before and after IPTW weighting are reported in Table 3 in Data Supplement.