Table 3.

Between-groups comparisons of the five-factor and four-factor MCEQ subscales

			Original Five-Factor Structure
			Smoking Satisfaction	Psychological Reward	Respiratory Tract	Craving Reduction	Aversion

Sex	Male	418	5.30 (1.23)^***	4.98 (1.25)^*	4.88 (1.65)^***	5.32 (1.37)	2.72 (2.01)^***
	Female	346	4.93 (1.41)	4.80 (1.21)	4.16 (1.92)	5.60 (1.35)^***	1.96 (1.41)

Non-Hispanic White	Other	270	5.10 (1.24)	4.87 (1.26)	4.57 (1.69)	5.26 (1.41)	2.27 (1.62)
Non-Hispanic vs Other Ethnicity/Race	White	494	5.15 (1.37)	4.92 (1.22)	4.55 (1.88)	5.55 (1.33)^**	2.44 (1.89)

Daily Smoking	No	168	5.19 (1.04)	4.96 (1.10)	4.86 (1.51)^*	5.01 (1.27)	2.93 (1.96)^***
	Yes	596	5.12 (1.39)	4.88 (1.27)	4.47 (1.88)	5.56 (1.37)^***	2.23 (1.72)

Pack Per Day Smoking	No	599	5.12 (1.30)	4.89 (1.21)	4.59 (1.80)	5.38 (1.36)	2.48 (1.84) ^***
	Yes	165	5.19 (1.43)	4.93 (1.33)	4.43 (1.87)	5.67 (1.37)^*	2.00 (1.60)

Menthol Cigarette Use	No	328	4.92 (1.41)	4.72 (1.20)	4.20 (1.92)	5.50 (1.36)	2.18 (1.67)
	Yes	436	5.29 (1.24) ^***	5.04 (1.24) ^***	4.83 (1.68) ^***	5.40 (1.38)	2.52 (1.89)^**

Cigarette Only vs Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes	Cigarette Only	195	4.72 (1.49)	4.55 (1.29)	3.89 (1.95)	5.64 (1.27) ^*	1.99 (1.51)
Cigarette Only vs Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes	Dual Use	569	5.27 (1.24) ^***	5.02 (1.19) ^***	4.79 (1.71) ^***	5.38 (1.39)	2.51 (1.87) ^***

			New Four-Factor Structure
			Stimulant Effects	Positive Reinforcement	Negative Reinforcement	Aversion

Sex	Male	418	4.79 (1.42) ^***	5.12 (1.34) ^***	5.28 (1.13)	2.72 (2.01) ^***
Sex	Female	346	4.43 (1.42)	4.54 (1.52)	5.43 (1.16)^**	1.96 (1.41)

Non-Hispanic White vs Other Ethnicity/Race	Other	270	4.63 (1.45)	4.83 (1.33)	5.23 (1.17)	2.27 (1.62)
Non-Hispanic White vs Other Ethnicity/Race	Non-Hispanic White	494	4.63 (1.42)	4.87 (1.52)	5.42 (1.13)	2.44 (1.89)

Daily Smoking	No	168	4.88 (1.21) ^***	5.06 (1.12)^*	5.06 (1.06)	2.93 (1.96) ^***
	Yes	596	4.56 (1.48)	4.80 (1.53)	5.43 (1.16) ^***	2.23 (1.72)

Pack Per Day Smoking	No	599	4.65 (1.40)	4.87 (1.43)	5.30 (1.11)	2.48 (1.84) ^***
	Yes	165	4.57 (1.54)	4.80 (1.54)	5.53 (1.24)^*	2.00 (1.60)

Menthol Cigarette Use	No	328	4.36 (1.44)	4.55 (1.53)	5.33 (1.15)	2.18 (1.67)
	Yes	436	4.83 (1.40) ^***	5.08 (1.35) ^***	5.37 (1.14)	2.52 (1.89)^**

Cigarette Only vs Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes	Cigarette Only	195	4.09 (1.52)	4.28 (1.59)	5.37 (1.19)	1.99 (1.51)
Cigarette Only vs Dual Use of Cigarettes and E-cigarettes	Dual Use	569	4.82 (1.35) ^***	5.05 (1.35) ^***	5.35 (1.13)	2.51 (1.87) ^***

Note.

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001

Data in the table reflect independent-samples t-tests. Gray highlighting indicates comparisons that were not supported because scalar invariance was not achieved for these participant subgroups. Data are presented as Mean (Standard Deviation). Sex (female/male), Daily Smoking (no/yes), Pack Per Day (less than a pack vs a pack or more per day), Menthol Cigarette Use (no/yes), Cigarette Only vs Dual Use (adults who currently only smoke cigarettes vs adults who currently smoke cigarettes and use e-cigarettes).