. 2022 Dec 21;12:22094. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26310-y

Table 2.

Electrical parameters of the tested PV modules.

PV Modules	Environment Condition: Clear Sky (26 °C, 730 W/m²)
PV Modules	V_OC (V)	I_SC (A)	V_MPP (V)	I_MPP (A)	P_MPP (W)
Healthy	183.6	8.1	143.9	7.66	1102
PID affected	134.1	8.0	90.3	7.67	692.6
Difference* (%)	−26.9	−1.23	−37.2	+ 0.13	−37.15

PV Modules	Environment Condition: Partial Shading (23 °C, 677 W/m²)
PV Modules	V_OC (V)	I_SC (A)	V_MPP (V)	I_MPP (A)	P_MPP (W)
Healthy	183.1	8.1	145.8	7.33	1069
PID affected	133.6	7.9	90.9	7.49	681.0
Difference* (%)	−27.0	−2.47	−37.6	+ 2.18	−36.29

PV Modules	Environment Condition: Overcasting (19 °C, 408 W/m²)
PV Modules	V_OC (V)	I_SC (A)	V_MPP (V)	I_MPP (A)	P_MPP (W)
Healthy	181.8	8.1	155.3	5.62	872.6
PID affected	130.8	7.9	102.4	5.14	526.2
Difference* (%)	−28.1	−2.47	−34.06	−8.54	−39.69

*The “difference” is calculated as the following: $[100 - (\frac{PIDelectricalparameter}{Healthyelectricalparameter} \times 100)]$ . The negative sign explains how much loss in the relevant electrical parameter is induced due to the presence of PID.