Table 2.
Demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of 208 patients according to MTHCC subtype
| Variables | Training set (n = 145) n (%) or median (IQR) |
Validation set (n = 63) n (%) or median (IQR) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available data | MTHCC (n = 48) | Non-MTHCC (n = 97) | p value | Available data | MTHCC (n = 21) | Non-MTHCC (n = 42) | p value | |
| Gender | 145 | 0.081 | 63 | 0.510 | ||||
| Male | 124 (85.5) | 43 (89.6) | 81 (83.5) | 58 (92.1) | 20 (95.2) | 30 (90.5) | ||
| Female | 21 (14.5) | 5 (10.4) | 16 (16.5) | 5 (7.9) | 1 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | ||
| Age | 145 | 51 (45.50–59.75) | 53 (45–63) | 0.380 | 63 | 44 (40–50.5) | 55.5 (44.5–64) | 0.026* |
| AFP | 145 | 0.005* | 63 | 0.037* | ||||
| < 20 ng/ml | 58 (40.0) | 12 (25.0) | 46 (47.4) | 30 (47.6) | 6 (28.6) | 24 (57.1) | ||
| 20–400 ng/ml | 35 (24.1) | 12 (25.0) | 23 (23.7) | 14 (22.2) | 6 (28.6) | 9 (19.0) | ||
| > 400 ng/ml | 52 (35.9) | 24 (50.0) | 28 (28.9) | 19 (30.2) | 9 (42.9) | 10 (23.8) | ||
| ALT | 145 | 0.674 | 63 | 0.157 | ||||
| < 40U/l | 81 (55.9) | 28 (58.3) | 53 (54.6) | 32 (50.8) | 8 (38.1) | 24 (57.1) | ||
| > 40U/l | 64 (44.1) | 20 (41.7) | 53 (45.4) | 31 (49.2) | 13 (61.6) | 18 (42.9) | ||
| AST | 145 | 0.521 | 63 | 0.374 | ||||
| < 35U/l | 64 (44.1) | 23 (47.9) | 41 (42.3) | 28 (44.4) | 11 (52.4) | 17 (40.5) | ||
| > 35U/l | 81 (55.9) | 25 (52.1) | 56 (57.7) | 35 (55.6) | 10 (47.6) | 25 (59.5) | ||
| Albumin | 145 | 0.262 | 63 | 0.216 | ||||
| < 40U/l | 67 (46.2) | 19 (39.6) | 48 (49.5) | 31 (49.2) | 8 (38.1) | 23 (58.4) | ||
| > 40U/l | 78 (53.8) | 29 (60.4) | 49 (50.5) | 32 (50.8) | 13 (61.9) | 19 (45.2) | ||
| Cirrhosis | 145 | 0.193 | 63 | 0.807 | ||||
| Present | 128 (88.3) | 88 (90.7) | 40 (83.3) | 53 (84.1) | 18 (85.7) | 35 (83.3) | ||
| Absent | 17 (11.7) | 8 (16.7) | 9 (9.3) | 10 (15.9) | 3 (14.3) | 7 (16.7) | ||
| HBV | 145 | 0.395 | 63 | 0.284 | ||||
| Present | 109 (75.2) | 34 (70.8) | 75 (77.3) | 49 (77.8) | 18 (85.7) | 31 (73.8) | ||
| Absent | 36 (24.8) | 14 (29.2) | 22 (22.7) | 14 (22.2) | 3 (14.3) | 11 (26.2) | ||
| HCV | 145 | 0.093 | 63 | 1.000 | ||||
| Present | 6 (4.1) | 4 (8.3) | 2 (2.1) | 3 (4.8) | 1 (4.8) | 2 (4.8) | ||
| Absent | 139 (95.9) | 44 (91.7) | 95 (97.9) | 60 (95.5) | 20 (95.2) | 40 (95.2) | ||
| Total bilirubin | 145 | 0.880 | 63 | 0.352 | ||||
| < 20.4 µmol/l | 126 (86.9) | 42 (87.5) | 84 (86.6) | 52 (82.5) | 16 (76.2) | 36 (85.7) | ||
| > 20.4 µmol/l | 19 (13.1) | 6 (12.5) | 13 (13.4) | 11 (17.5) | 5 (23.8) | 36 (14.3) | ||
| Pathologic data | ||||||||
| Edmondson-Steiner grade | 145 | 0.029* | 63 | 0.484 | ||||
| Grade I | 13 (9) | 0 | 13 (13.4) | 6 (9.5) | 1 (4.8) | 5 (11.9) | ||
| Grade II | 102 (70.3) | 37 (77.1) | 65 (67) | 46 (73) | 16 (76) | 30 (71.4) | ||
| Grade III | 30 (20.7) | 11 (22.9) | 19 (19.6) | 11 (17.5) | 4 (19) | 7 (16.7) | ||
| MVI | 145 | 0.216 | 63 | 0.285 | ||||
| Present | 74 (41) | 28 (58.3) | 46 (47.4) | 30 (47.6) | 12 (57.1) | 18 (42.9) | ||
| Absent | 71 (49) | 20 (41.7) | 51 (52.6) | 33 (52.4) | 9 (42.9) | 24 (57.1) | ||
| Satellite nodules | 145 | 0.265 | 63 | 0.530 | ||||
| Present | 37 (25.5) | 15 (31.3) | 22 (22.7) | 15 (23.8) | 6 (26.6) | 9 (21.4) | ||
| Absent | 108 (74.5) | 33 (68.8) | 75 (77.3) | 48 (76.2) | 15 (71.4) | 33 (78.6) | ||
MTHCC macrotrabecular hepatocellular carcinoma, IQR interquartile range, AFP alpha-fetoprotein, AST aspartate transaminase, ALT alanine transaminase, HBV hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen), HCV hepatitis C virus (hepatitis C antigen), MVI microvascular invasion
*Significant p values (p < 0.05)