Fig. 5.

Injectable, self-healing and adhesive properties of the hydrogels. (a) Shear-thinning test of the hydrogels (Inset: Display of injectability of the hydrogel through a syringe). (b) Strain amplitude sweep test of the multifunctional hydrogel with the strain ranging from 1% to 1000% (1 Hz). (c) Amplitude oscillation strain test of the hydrogel with alternated strain switching from 1% to 500% for four cycles. (d) Photographs of macroscopic autonomous healing ability of the hydrogel. (e) Schematic illustration of self-healing mechanism of the hydrogel. (f) Schematic diagram of the lap-shear test. (g) Adhesive strength of hydrogels with different THM-APMH concentration between porcine skins. (h) Schematic diagram of biological adhesion mechanism for the hydrogel. (i) Comparison of adhesive strength of the hydrogel before damage and 1 h after healing. (j) Blood loss of rat liver hemorrhage model (Inset: representative photographs of liver hemorrhage model treated with the bioadhersive hydrogel). (k) Bleeding time of rat liver hemorrhage model after different treatment.