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. 2022 Dec 21;12(12):e069329. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069329

Table 4.

PLA intervention—outcome evaluation measures

Long term outcomes Indicator Measure
Improved experiences of mental health reduced symptoms of mental ill health Improved well-being
Reduced symptoms of depression
WHO-5 (5 items)
PHQ-2 (2 items)
Short-term outcomes Indicator Measure
Improved perceptions of quality of relationships between practitioners and communities Increased willingness to seek treatment Perceptions on different Service providers (5 items)
Improved feelings of belongingness and community cohesion Increased sense of attachment to place/home Sense of belonging and attachment to place40
(14 items)
Increased feelings of emotional and community support
Increased feelings of inclusion and acknowledgement in the community
World Bank Social Capital measure (17 items)
Improved perception of individual and collective agency
Positive sense of self/identity
Possible selves questionnaire41
(6 items)
Increased mental health literacy knowledge attitudes and practices questions Increased mental health literacy Depression symptom knowledge (5 items)
Stress symptom knowledge (5 items)
Substance misuse symptom knowledge (5 items)
Greater acceptance of others seeking treatment 3 items
Helping others to seek treatment 2 items
More positive perceptions of mental illness 1 item
Reduction of mental health stigma More willingness to discuss/explore mental health needs in communities and families RIBS reported behaviours subscale (4 items)