Table 2.
Results of the multinomial logistic regressiona
| SI Trajectory 2 v. Trajectory 1 | SI Trajectory 3 v. Trajectory 1 | SA Trajectory 2 v. Trajectory 1 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: structure | Model 2: function | Model 3: structure + function | Model 1: structure | Model 2: function | Model 3: structure + function | Model 1: structure | Model 2: function | Model 3: structure + function | |
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.82** (1.16–2.86) | 1.48* (1.01–2.18) | 1.89** (1.22–2.92) | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 0.86 (0.58–1.27) | 0.92 (0.56–1.53) | 0.63 (0.34–1.15) | 0.49** (0.31–0.77) | 0.66 (0.37–1.17) |
| Sexual identity | |||||||||
| Heterosexual | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Sexual minority | 1.90* (1.09–3.32) | 1.82** (1.22–2.72) | 1.72 (1.00–2.97) | 3.18*** (2.08–4.88) | 2.84*** (1.97–4.08) | 3.07*** (2.00–4.73) | 2.94*** (1.73–5.00) | 2.61*** (1.69–4.02) | 2.81*** (1.65–4.78) |
| Age (Wave 1) | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) | 0.92 (0.85–1.01) | 0.97 (0.87–1.07) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.92 (0.81–1.05) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| White | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Black | 0.35*** (0.19–0.63) | 0.48** (0.29–0.80) | 0.36** (0.19–0.67) | 0.45** (0.27–0.77) | 0.56** (0.37–0.83) | 0.47** (0.27–0.80) | 0.42 (0.15–1.16) | 0.55 (0.26–1.20) | 0.44 (0.16–1.21) |
| Hispanic | 0.52 (0.26–1.06) | 0.99 (0.54–1.79) | 0.46* (0.22–0.96) | 0.67 (0.41–1.09) | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) | 0.66 (0.40–1.09) | 0.83 (0.44–1.58) | 0.90 (0.53–1.53) | 0.82 (0.43–1.58) |
| Asian | 1.18 (0.33–4.19) | 1.00 (0.38–2.66) | 1.14 (0.32–4.01) | 0.62 (0.27–1.45) | 0.61 (0.30–1.26) | 0.66 (0.30–1.47) | 0.18* (0.05–0.70) | 0.33 (0.07–1.49) | 0.18* (0.05–0.73) |
| All other race | 0.18* (0.04–0.92) | 0.13** (0.04–0.45) | 0.17 (0.03–1.05) | 0.85 (0.34–2.14) | 0.59 (0.24–1.43) | 0.80 (0.32–2.00) | 0.43 (0.11–1.68) | 0.51 (0.18–1.46) | 0.44 (0.10–2.00) |
| Maternal education | |||||||||
| No school/less than high school | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| High school or equivalent | 0.97 (0.62–1.53) | 0.85 (0.54–1.36) | 0.94 (0.59–1.49) | 1.12 (0.69–1.83) | 1.32 (0.89–1.97) | 1.09 (0.67–1.76) | 1.16 (0.57–2.39) | 1.59 (0.95–2.67) | 1.14 (0.54–2.39) |
| Some college | 0.87 (0.39–1.94) | 0.9 (0.45–1.78) | 0.78 (0.36–1.70) | 1.56 (0.90–2.73) | 1.39 (0.82–2.35) | 1.47 (0.84–2.57) | 1.45 (0.60–3.51) | 1.63 (0.82–3.24) | 1.37 (0.55–3.41) |
| Graduate school and higher | 1.19 (0.67–2.13) | 1.28 (0.73–2.25) | 1.12 (0.61–2.05) | 0.95 (0.57–1.61) | 1.43 (0.91–2.26) | 0.93 (0.56–1.55) | 1.40 (0.70–2.83) | 1.59 (0.89–2.86) | 1.31 (0.64–2.66) |
| Public assistance | |||||||||
| None | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| At least one | 0.89 (0.55–1.44) | 0.82 (0.56–1.22) | 0.84 (0.52–1.37) | 0.77 (0.53–1.12) | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.76 (0.52–1.09) | 1.42 (0.78–2.59) | 1.72* (1.02–2.90) | 1.35 (0.72–2.51) |
| Social networks | |||||||||
| Network structureb. | |||||||||
| Family structure | 1.28 (0.72–2.25) | 1.39 (0.77–2.51) | 0.88 (0.58–1.35) | 0.88 (0.57–1.35) | 0.77 (0.38–1.58) | 0.77 (0.38–1.56) | |||
| Household size | 1.13 (0.66–1.93) | 1.1 (0.64–1.92) | 1.25 (0.82–1.90) | 1.26 (0.82–1.93) | 1.59 (0.85–2.97) | 1.54 (0.82–2.90) | |||
| Peer network size | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 1.02 (0.95–1.08) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | |||
| Peer network density | 1.00 (0.27–3.66) | 1.03 (0.27–3.96) | 1.69 (0.68–4.20) | 1.71 (0.69–4.26) | 0.45 (0.09–2.33) | 0.42 (0.08–2.07) | |||
| Network function | |||||||||
| Family cohesion | 0.52*** (0.41–0.66) | 0.54*** (0.40–0.73) | 0.63*** (0.52–0.77) | 0.74** (0.59–0.91) | 0.66* (0.45–0.96) | 0.70 (0.46–1.06) | |||
| Peer support | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 0.89 (0.66–1.18) | 1.02 (0.80–1.30) | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 1.12 (0.76–1.65) | ||||
| School connectedness | 0.77 (0.56–1.05) | 0.82 (0.56–1.20) | 0.77 (0.59–1.02) | 0.83 (0.59–1.14) | 0.90 (0.61–1.31) | 1.16 (0.71–1.89) | |||
| Neighborhood support | 0.87 (0.45–1.67) | 0.70 (0.30–1.65) | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | 1.71 (0.90–3.23) | 0.87 (0.35–2.14) | 1.52 (0.63–3.67) | |||
| Depression | 7.78*** (5.61–10.80) | 4.89*** (3.59–6.65) | 4.84*** (3.32–7.05) | 3.99*** (3.09–5.14) | 2.91*** (2.25–3.75) | 3.02*** (2.26–4.02) | 7.81*** (5.55–11.00) | 5.59*** (3.96–7.89) | 6.05*** (4.11–8.91) |
OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SI, suicidal ideation; SA, suicide attempts; Ref., reference group. Cells in bold print indicate significant results.
a
Reference group = Trajectory 1.
b
Family-level network structure included family structure (0 = all other arrangements; 1 = married, two parents) and household size (0 = ⩽ 3 people; 1 = ⩾ 4 people).
∗p < 0.05; ∗∗ p < 0.01; ∗∗∗ p ⩽0.001.