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. 2021 Mar 3;52(15):3497–3507. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721000179

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© The Author(s) 2021

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — A summary of the results from the significant (FDR <0.05) linear regression models of predicted C4A expression values on cognitive performance and brain imaging measures. The results are presented in the context of a mediation model. (i) Higher predicted C4A expression was significantly associated with the results from three cognitive tasks. Path c = Cognitive task ~ C4A expression (ii) Predicted C4A expression was significantly associated with some measures of cortical surface area and cortical thickness. Path a = Brain imaging measure ~ C4A expression. (iii) A summary of the brain imaging measures identified to significantly mediate the effect of predicted C4A expression on cognitive performance. Path ab = Cognitive task ~ C4A expression mediated by brain imaging measures. The proportion of the total effect (Panel i, Path c) mediated by changes in the corresponding brain imaging measure is shown (Prop. Med = ab/c). Negative proportion values indicate inconsistent mediation. Inconsistent mediation occurs when the direction of effect of the direct effect (c’) and the indirect effect (ab) is in the opposite direction. The standardized β (Std. β) is shown to indicate the size and direction of effect of higher C4A expression on each outcome measure. The green and red headers indicate an increase or decrease in each outcome measure, respectively.