Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Addict Behav. 2022 Jun 23;36(8):982–989. doi: 10.1037/adb0000856

Table 3.

Changes made – Responses to: “What have you changed in your life to help you quit smoking or stay quit?”

Theme Frequency Illustrative Quote
Used the 4 D’s to cope with urges to smoke (Delay, Drink water, Deep breathing, Distract) 32 (32%)
“…just keep busy like reading, drinking a lot of water during the day that helps a lot. Taking deep breaths really works, that’s a good one …”
“ I have been going for lots of walks and I have been doing a lot of deep breathing, I drink a lot water as it is, but I’ve been drinking lots of water.”
Reduced exposure to non-social smoking paraphernalia/cues 28 (28%)
“… I just got rid of everything, the ashtrays, cleaned out my car completely you know, detailed the whole thing inside … to get the smell out …”
“…make sure I don’t buy cigarettes. If I have to get gas I go to a different gas station…”
Changed mindset/focused on the benefits of quitting 25 (25%)
“Um, I guess the mindset, um, it’s like, I want to do this, um, I really wanna do it, it was like … I’m doing it.”
“… Um, and trying to change my attitude about it, or at least trying to um, I’ve been reminding myself, um … that I um, enjoy being able to do things um, physical activity…”
Changed daily routine 18 (18%)
“Well I started to quit on a …, during a time frame where I wouldn’t be doing any normal things, it was out of my normal routine so, that helps a lot…”
“Trying to change routines. There not all changed, but trying … I guess mostly at home now, bed time, getting up.”
Made other health changes 16 (16%)
“… Um, eating better, healthier at least, um hitting the gym, got no choice there. I ride a hog, I don’t want to look like one…”
“… I’ve just tried to stay active…”
Reduced exposure to social smoking cues 14 (14%)
“Stopped playing cards on Sunday around the fellas.”
“ Um, I haven’t really gone out very much the last two weeks, just cause I was afraid that if I did I would be around people who smoke …”
No changes made 11 (11%)
“Nothing … no I haven’t changed anything.”
“ I don’t think I’ve changed anything…”
Got support from friends and loved ones 8 (8%)
“… ah there’s family and friends who know I’m trying to quit so I mean they’ve been supportive and trying to stay supportive…”
“ Not much I guess, just talking to my wife a lot, cause she wants me off of it…”
Other 4 (4%)
“Just not smoke [laughing] … yeah, mmm.”
Changed alcohol consumption 4 (4%)
“Stopped drinking.”
Identified plan to deal with stress 2 (2%)
“… I’ve been working on coping strategies um for situations where you feel like distress and stuff … I’ve been working on those with my therapist …”
Used study medication 1 (1%)
“Nothing really, taking the medication and the patches.”

Italics represent novel themes that were not identified in the interviews prior to quitting.