| Physical capability and psychological capability |
Skills (n=13) |
Difficulty in navigating and maintaining digital technologies [29,30] Difficult to discover, locate, and use accessibility features [31] Difficulty in finding information on website [32] Lack of training and lack of digital competency and technical skills [33-35] Mismatch between materiality and capability [33]
|
Familiarity and experience [36-39] Interpersonal dynamics and skills [40] Skill to manipulate accessibility features [31,41]
|
| Physical capability and psychological capability |
Knowledge (n=23) |
Digital illiteracy [32,42,43] Limited exposure to modern digital technologies [29,44] Unaware of existing digital technology [31,45-47] Lack of operational or technical knowledge [36,44,48,49] Lack of instruction and assistance [50,51] Understanding of what information the system collects and how it is communicated [52] Language barriers [53]
|
Awareness of the digital technology existence [33] Prior knowledge [37,54] Previous history or have heard stories of fall [55] Adequate trainings [44,52,56-58] Availability of written guide [48] Knowledge of accessibility futures, for example, how to adjust font size [31]
|
| Physical capability and psychological capability |
Physical and cognitive identity (n=26) |
Old age-related perceptions of ability changes [31,44,59] Health-related barriers [39,50,60-62] Reduced sensory perception or physical (impaired vision, hearing, and dexterity) and cognitive limitations (memory loss and forgetfulness) [29,33,36,37,39,43,44,48,49,51,53,55,63-66] Inactive lifestyle [51]
|
Higher subjective well-being [67] Good physical functions [51,68,69] Higher cognitive functions [70]
|
| Reflective motivation |
Beliefs about capabilities (n=29) |
Perceived difficulty [71] Inability to upgrade software [53] Inability to attach wearable chips [29] Perceived lack of digital technology competence [34] Performance or effort expectancy [72] Lack of confidence and self-efficacy [37,43,73-75]
|
Positive attitude to oneself [44] Willingness to learn or adopt technology [36,50,76] Use of digital technologies at work [77] Self-efficacy, self-confidence, and self-esteem [39,44,65,72,78-81] Higher educational status [68,69,82,83] Perceived ease of use [36,38,39,78,84-86]
|
| Reflective motivation |
Optimism (n=21) |
Comparison oneself with younger generation and feeling of inadequacy [47,50] Failing to meet perceived need or lack of relevance [40,45,87,88] Aversion and limited or lack of interest [37,43-45,51] Pre-established negative attitudes [34,56,89] Technophobia [32]
|
Technological optimism [90,91] Perceived digital technology benefits [43,84,90,92-95] Positive technological experience [37] Availability of need-based trainings [93] Curiosity [37] Enthusiastic attitude [91]
|
| Reflective motivation |
Beliefs about consequence
(n=24) |
Intrusiveness: privacy [34,44,61,63,74,96-100], safety [32,45], and security concerns [37,43,73] Mistrust [54,64] Perceived lack of benefits [101] Lack of reliability and uncertainty about the reliability [32,66,85,87] Lack of accountability related to remote care technologies [32] Fear of addiction or habit forming nature especially with internet-based digital technologies [64,102]
|
Ability to regulate internet identity [96] Interactive features that give timely and tailored feedback [101] Reduced isolation or connectedness [61,76] Ability to monitor health [87,88] Positive health-seeking behavior [37]
|
| Reflective motivation |
Intention (n=1) |
—c
|
|
| Reflective motivation |
Goals (n=9) |
|
Independence and sense of autonomy [55,56,102] Perceived playfulness and the fun associated with digital technology [38,92] Goal-monitoring ability [85] Sense of connection or connectedness and interaction [104] Way of keeping in touch with family and friends [74]
|
| Automatic motivation |
Reinforcement (n=13) |
Poor instructions [51,105] Preference for inactive lifestyle at old age (satisfied with current activity performance) [51]
|
Convenience: technologies which makes activities easier and faster [32,40] Received a tailored and personalized support and trainings [39,43,44,63,68,76] Safe learning environment (accessible, appropriately placed, inclusive, one-to-one and personalized support) [76,81] Technologies that can be customized to older adults needs, abilities and preferences [33,76] User satisfactions [106]
|
| Automatic motivation |
Emotion (n=15) |
Fear and frustration from digital technologies complexity [43,44,47,62,64,71,73,87] Fear of withdrawal from face-to-face input from their physician [80,107] Fear owing to lack of knowledge [36] Lack of emotional reciprocity [108] Digital shopping assistant with digital assistant style or task oriented or formal [109]
|
Digital shopping assistant with social assistant style or reciprocity, conversational [109] Mismatched appearance vs robot attributes such as voice and facial expressions [110] Robots with certain enjoyment and attractiveness [110] Enjoyable games [78]
|
| Physical opportunity and social opportunity |
Environmental context and resources (n=37) |
Perceived or actual complexity of technology [30,41,44,45,85] Lack of user friendliness [75] Technologies without adaptive design features [44]
Poorly designed user interfaces [36] Having to charge devices many times (battery life) [55] Poor output quality [77], poor video and audio quality [111], small size of icons and texts [36], and color [53] Device malfunction and slow and repeated freezing [29,45,48,112] Require captcha [41] Relentless pace of digital technology development [66] Suboptimal performance [75] Inaccurate measurement and technologies with nonstandard scales [75,113] Lack of technological aesthetic values, for example, wearables [45]
Physical infrastructure access [54] Economic barriers and financial limitation [30] Cost: direct [36,37,42,44-46,51,53,63,66,67,69,73,84,101,114] and opportunistic cost associated with technologies, electrical consumption [115], and cost related to maintenance [100]
|
Ease of use and simplicity [32,40,63] Simple log procedure [85] Quality of outputs (quality videos, audios, and text) [77] Waterproof [51] Sleep-tracking ability [51]
Touch screen [38] Connectivity [40] Audible feedback [36,66] Automated call [55] Large icon and display [36] Instant feedback [36] Alarms and reminder future [49] Accessibility features such as font adjustment [76] Remote technologies integrated within mainstream technologies, for example, fall detection devices integrated with cell phones [55]
Older adults’ digital technology ownership (owning computer, smartphone, broadband etc) [116] Free of charge, financial incentives [77]; affordable [55,117]; provided through existing financial schemes (eg, insurance) [55]
|
| Physical opportunity and social opportunity |
|
Perceived isolation or helplessness [55]; loss of social contact [47]; living alone [55,68]; lack of social assistance [44,47,74,82] Digital alienation and social disapproval [98] Negative learning experience (isolating and insulting learning environment; facilitators’ judgemental attitudes [76] Stigma from wearing wearables (alarm going in public) [29,45,55,98] Perceptions of prejudice and discrimination or stigma from sense of powerlessness and dependency [44,78,90,98] Care through intergenerational support [57] Cultural expectations (mothers do not call; instead, children have to call) [40] Cold and shallow forms for digital communications for gossip and self-obsessiveness [34]
|
Digital kinship and maintaining social connection [88,107] Formal or informal social engagements [79] Peer or family support availability [41,51,66,80,93,96] Having someone around to help in the house [55] Encouragement and recommendation by physicians or nurses to use digital technology [73,77,107]
|
