Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and exercise compliance of all exercise group completers and participants included in the follow-up study (shown by group allocation and subgroups).
| Completers |
BIKE |
MOD |
VIG |
VO2peak Improvers |
VO2peak Reducers |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=74) | (n=14) | (n=14) | (n=18) | (n=12) | (n=12) | |
| Characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years | 35 (7) | 34 (8) | 32 (7) | 36 (8) | 32 (9) | 38 (7) |
| Sex, women/men | 37/37 | 8/6 | 6/8 | 9/9 | 9/3 | 7/5 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Less than college, number (%) | 40 (54%) | 11 (79%) | 6 (43%) | 9 (50%) | 7 (58%) | 10 (84%) |
| College, number (%) | 25 (34%) | 3 (11%) | 4 (29%) | 6 (33%) | 5 (42%) | 1 (8%) |
| Graduate school, number (%) | 9 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (29%) | 3 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) |
| Job status | ||||||
| Employed, number (%) | 58 (79%) | 11 (79%) | 6 (43%) | 16 (89%) | 9 (75%) | 10 (83%) |
| Unemployed, number (%) | 7 (9%) | 1 (7%) | 4 (29%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (17%) |
| Student, number (%) | 9 (12%) | 2 (14%) | 4 (29%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) |
| Civil status and children | ||||||
| Single, number (%) | 17 (23%) | 5 (36%) | 4 (29%) | 2 (11%) | 5 (42%) | 0 (0%) |
| Cohabiting, number (%) | 57 (77%) | 9 (64%) | 10 (71%) | 16 (89%) | 7 (58%) | 12 (100%) |
| Children, (yes) number (%) | 40 (54%) | 8 (57%) | 6 (42%) | 11 (61%) | 6 (50%) | 7 (58%) |
| Anthropometric variables | ||||||
| Body weight, kg | 91 (12) | 88.0 (10.0) | 90.9 (11.6) | 92.0 (12.7) | 88.0 (10.7) | 87.7 (13.3) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.8 (2.4) | 29.9 (2.7) | 29.6 (2.0) | 29.7 (2.3) | 29.6 (3.0) | 29.5 (2.2) |
| Fat mass, kg | 34.8 (7.2) | 34.0 (7.7) | 34.5 (7.9) | 34.8 (5.6) | 35.9 (7.3) | 33.8 (7.7) |
| Fat percentage, %a | 39.0 (32.3; 44.5) | 42.3 (29.1; 45.9) | 38.1 (32.6; 43.2) | 37.7 (30.8; 44.5) | 40.9 (6.6) | 38.9 (8.3) |
| Fat free mass, kga | 54.5 (45.0; 65.2) | 53.6 (45.0; 59.7) | 54.7 (49.1; 62.8) | 54.6 (44.4; 69.3) | 52.1 (9.3) | 53.8 (12.5) |
| Waist circumference, cmab | 93.1 (87.8; 100.3) | 96.3 (88.6; 98.2) | 90.3 (88.2; 100.0) | 99.2 (87.2; 102.4) | 90.7 (7.9) | 93.5 (9.3) |
| Android fat, % | 48.8 (6.0) | 48.9 (6.7) | 47.8 (6.9) | 48.7 (5.5) | 50.3 (5.5) | 49.2 (7.0) |
| Exercise test variables | ||||||
| VO2peak, ml O2/min | 2689 (552) | 2653 (473) | 2851 (539) | 2752 (622) | 2594 (468) | 2645 (476) |
| Maximal heart rate, bpm | 183 (10) | 187 (11) | 184 (6) | 182 (11) | 185 (11) | 185 (8) |
| Peak power output, W | 194 (43) | 191 (41) | 207 (44) | 195 (44) | 186 (40) | 191 (45) |
| Exercise compliance | ||||||
| Compliance, % prescribed kcala | 90 (81; 102) | 90.0 (85.8; 100.8) | 85.0 (81; 120) | 85.0 (81.0; 99) | 96 (94; 109)* | 87 (77; 98) |
| Exercise intensity, %VO2peak-reserve | 55.9 (9.6) | 53.2 (7.8) | 48.7 (4.6) | 64.8 (6.9) | 57.7 (9.4) | 58.8 (9.8) |
| Exercise sessions per week | 3.9 (0.5) | 3.9 (0.3) | 3.8 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.6) | 4.0 (3.8; 4.2) | 3.9 (3.6; 4.2) |
| Exercise duration, min per session | 46 (12) | 46 (10) | 54 (10) | 37 (8) | 45 (11) | 42 (9) |
| Daily bike distance, km | n.a. | 14.0 (3.1) | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
| Intervention duration, days | 192 (13) | 189 (10) | 192 (12) | 195 (12) | 188 (15) | 197 (10) |
| Intervention group | ||||||
| BIKE, number (%) | 6 (50%) | 2 (17%) | ||||
| MOD, number (%) | 2 (17%) | 3 (25%) | ||||
| VIG, number (%) | 4 (33%) | 7 (58%) | ||||
Data are shown as mean (SD) or number (%) except (a) which are shown as median (Q1; Q3). ‘Exercise groups’ include BIKE, MOD, and VIG. BIKE, active commuting group; MOD, moderate intensity exercise group; VIG, vigorous intensity exercise group; VO2, oxygen uptake; VO2peak improvers, participants who experienced the greatest improvements in VO2peak from baseline to follow-up; VO2peak reducers, participants who experienced the greatest reductions in VO2peak from baseline to follow-up. Exercise compliance during the intervention was compared between groups using 1-way ANOVA and between ‘VO2peak improvers’ and ‘VO2peak reducers’ using t-tests. *significantly different from ‘VO2peak reducers’. b: BIKE: n = 13.