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. 2022 Jul 9;4:100293. doi: 10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100293

Table 3.

Transportation and physical activity assessed by the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire among participants in the follow-up study (shown by group allocation and subgroups).

BIKE
MOD
VIG
VO2peak improvers
VO2peak reducers
(n=14) (n=14) (n=18) (n=12) (n=12)
Transport domain
Car or other motorized vehicles
Duration, min/day (all)
 Baseline 0 (0; 1) 1 (0; 9) 0 (0; 15) 0 (0; 5) 0 (0; 20)
 Post-intervention 0 (0; 3) 0 (0; 9) 3 (0; 18) 0 (0; 2) 9 (0; 35)
 Follow-up 0 (0; 0) 1 (0; 34) 1 (0; 10) 0 (0; 0) 4 (0; 52)
Users, n (%)
 Baseline 5 (36%) 8 (57%) 10 (56%) 6 (50%) 6 (50%)
 Post-intervention 5 (36%) 5 (36%) 13 (72%) 5 (42%) 7 (58%)
 Follow-up 3 (21%) 8 (57%) 10 (56%) 3 (25%) 8 (67%)
Duration among users, min/day
 Baseline 6 (1; 30) 7 (3; 24) 13 (1; 18) 5 (1; 9) 17 (15; 43)
 Post-intervention 35 (3; 39) 14 (10; 42) 7 (3; 21) 3 (1; 3) 33 (12; 42)
 Follow-up 10 (3; 106) 21 (2; 83) 8 (3; 30) 2 (0; 3) 31 (4; 89)
Public transport
Duration, min/day (all)
 Baseline 0 (0; 8) 1 (0; 4) 0 (0; 15) 0 (0; 9) 4 (0; 17)
 Post-intervention 0 (0; 3) 0 (0; 3) 0 (0; 8) 0 (0; 2) 0 (0; 19)
 Follow-up 0 (0; 3) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 5) 0 (0; 16)
Users, n (%)
 Baseline 7 (50%) 7 (50%) 8 (44%) 6 (50%) 6 (50%)
 Post-intervention 6 (43%) 5 (36%) 6 (33%) 5 (42%) 5 (42%)
 Follow-up 6 (43%) 4 (29%) 4 (22%) 5 (42%) 5 (42%)
Duration among users, min/day
 Baseline 8 (4; 39) 4 (2; 9) 15 (6; 27) 9 (4; 10) 17 (15; 39)
 Post-intervention 8 (2; 26) 3 (3; 8) 17 (8; 21) 2 (1; 3) 21 (18; 35)
 Follow-up 5 (2; 10) 7 (3; 10) 18 (16; 31) 6 (3; 8) 16 (16; 39)
Bike
Duration, min/day (all)
 Baseline 0 (0; 5) 0 (0; 3) 1 (0; 7) 4 (0; 7) 0 (0; 0)
 Post-intervention 8 (0; 30) 0 (0; 3) 5 (0; 12) 5 (0; 19) 1 (0; 11)
 Follow-up 5 (0; 20; 0 (0; 2) 2 (0; 11) 8 (2; 27) 0 (0; 1)
Users, n (%)
 Baseline 6 (43%) 6 (43%) 9 (50%) 7 (58%) 2 (17%)
 Post-intervention 10 (71%) 6 (43%) 12 (67%) 8 (67%) 6 (50%)
 Follow-up 8 (57%) 5 (36%) 10 (56%) 9 (75%) 4 (33%)
Duration among users, min/day
 Baseline 5 (4; 37) 4 (3; 16) 7 (5; 16) 5 (5; 37) 4 (1; 7)
 Post-intervention 18 (4; 35) 8 (2; 17) 11 (5; 13) 13 (5; 27) 11 (2; 13)
 Follow-up 16 (6; 34) 12 (2; 29) 11 (4; 19) 19 (4; 29) 2 (1; 7)
Walking
Duration, min/day (all)
 Baseline 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 12)
 Post-intervention 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0)
 Follow-up 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0) 0 (0; 0)
Users, n (%)
 Baseline 3 (21%) 3 (21%) 4 (22%) 2 (17%) 5 (42%)
 Post-intervention 2 (14%) 3 (21%) 2 (11%) 2 (17%) 2 (17%)
 Follow-up 2 (14%) 2 (14%) 1 (6%) 1 (8%) 2 (17%)
Duration among users, min/day
 Baseline 6 (4; 12) 16 (1; 21) 19 (12; 32) 11 (6; 16) 14 (10; 24)
 Post-intervention 9 (4; 14) 4 (2; 16) 42 (31; 53) 29 (5; 53) 17 (2; 32)
 Follow-up 48 (11; 85) 16 (3; 29) 32* 11* 17 (3; 32)
Physical activity
Intensity of physical activity across all activities, min/daya P P P Pa P P Pb
Sedentary
 Baseline 1,353 (1,194; 1,391) 1,341 (1,214; 1,409) 1,338 (1,197; 1,409) 1,208 (1,188; 1,389) 1,341 (1,207; 1,394)
 Post-intervention 1,330 (1,186; 1,387) 0.497 1,355 (1,170; 1,391) 0.268 1,272 (1,163; 1,382) 0.142 0.822 1,194 (1,140; 1,379) 0.365 1,275 (1,171; 1,385) 0.301 0.622
 Follow-up 1,326 (1,103; 1,379) 0.129 1,211 (1,188; 1,383) 0.191 1,257 (1,165; 1,385) 0.353 0.373 1,211 (1,100; 1,350) 0.770 1,205 (1,176; 1,354) 0.129 0.692
 Light
 Baseline 0 (0; 36) 0 (0; 9) 0 (0; 44) 11 (0; 40) 0 (0; 13)
 Post-intervention 3 (0; 206) 0.297 0 (0; 0) 0.906 0 (0; 43) 0.852 0.395 11 (0; 205) 0.469 0 (0; 0) 0.313 0.436
 Follow-up 5 (0; 206) 0.473 0 (0; 206) 0.672 4 (0; 206) 0.820 0.862 23 (0; 207) 0.313 1 (0; 206) 1.00 0.573
Moderate
 Baseline 47 (19; 78) 59 (9; 115) 44 (21; 89) 56 (20; 150) 60 (27; 156)
 Post-intervention 50 (35; 60) 0.463 57 (31; 101) 0.217 61 (48; 216) 0.284 0.905 57 (46; 76) 0.910 97 (47; 223) 0.151 0.387
 Follow-up 70 (40; 113) 0.194 42 (38; 179) 0.502 56 (22; 92) 0.890 0.364 54 (31; 95) 0.898 67 (31; 204) 0.850 0.686
Vigorous
 Baseline 1 (1; 3) 4 (1; 9) 1 (0; 1) 1 (1; 3) 1 (0; 6)
 Post-intervention 1 (0; 1) 0.547 2 (1; 5) 0.380 2 (1; 19) <0.001 0.056 10 (1; 27) 0.250 1 (0; 3) 0.844 0.172
 Follow-up 15 (2; 21) 0.106 9 (2; 16) 0.052 4 (1; 11) 0.023 0.717 16 (4; 22) 0.160 6 (1; 17) 0.014 0.792
Recreational physical activity, min/dayb
 Baseline 31 (23; 59) 29 (14; 57) 32 (14; 48) 30 (5; 55) 28 (12; 52)
 Post-intervention 38 (20; 74) 0.397 54 (31; 68) 0.256 51 (41; 76) 0.036 0.563 58 (35; 98) 0.019 50 (15; 59) 0.736 0.144
 Follow-up 59 (43; 108) 0.006 41 (24; 55) 0.341 46 (19; 70) 0.177 0.146 71 (41; 94) 0.001 39 (19; 69) 0.410 0.069

Data are shown as median (Q1; Q3) or number (%). BIKE, active commuting group; CON, control group; MOD, moderate intensity exercise group; VIG, vigorous intensity exercise group; VO2peak, peak oxygen uptake. Time spend was calculated from frequency and usual time spend on a given activity. The section on transportation, includes four possible answers regarding the frequency: ‘never/rarely’, ‘occasionally’, ‘usually’, always'. Users were defined as participants reporting ‘occasionally’, ‘usually’, ‘always’. Owing to the small number of users/participants in each category from each group, no statistical analyses were performed on data on the different types of transportation.

a

Within-group changes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up were analysed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, and differences between changes in BIKE vs. MOD + VIG were analysed using Wilcoxon-Kruskal-Wallis test. P-values are results from the analyses from baseline to post-intervention and baseline to follow-up and (a) comparisons between changes in BIKE vs. MOD + VIG and (b) comparisons between changes in ‘VO2peak improvers’ and ‘VO2peak reducers’.

b

Sum of all types of recreational exercise and physical activities. One participant in VIG and ‘VO2peak reducers’ performed 493 min/day of recreational physical activity at baseline and was omitted from analyses on recreational physical activity owing to assumptions of the statistical analysis. Changes from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up and differences between changes in BIKE vs. MOD + VIG were analysed using a mixed model adjusted for sex. *n = 1.